水土保持学报2017，Vol.31Issue(6)：58-65,163,9.DOI:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2017.06.010
耕作措施与氮肥对黑土流失及氮损失的影响
Effects of Tillage Measures and Nitrogen Fertilizers on Surface Runoff, Soil Erosion and Inorganic Nitrogen Loss in Sloping Land of Black Soil Region
摘要
Abstract
The black soil of Northeast China is an important grain production base in China.Soil and water losses in the area in recent years become crucial limiting factor of agricultural sustainable development and food security.Aiming at the mitigation of soil and water losses in the sloping farmland,two years experiments in 2015 and 2016 was conducted in Harbin to explore the influence of different N fertilization strategies and tillage measures on the water,soil and Nitrogen losses,9 treatments were designed,including T1(bare land),T2 (fallow land),T3(optimized N fertilizer:180 kg N/hm2,longitudinal ridge),T4(optimized N fertilizer:180 kg N/hm2,horizon ridge),T5(control N fertilizer:210 kg N/hm2,longitudinal ridge),T6(reduced N fertilizer:90 kg N/hm2,longitudinal ridge),T7 (organic manure partial substitution for chemical fertilizer:150 kg/hme chemical N and 30 Kg organic N/hme,longitudinal ridge),T8(optimized N fertilizer:180 kg N/hm2,horizon ridge,clover maize hedgerow),T9(reduced N fertilizer:90 kg N/hme,longitudinal ridge,straw mulching and no-tillage).The results showed that the annual averaged surface runoff of T1 was 151.0 m3/hm2.Compared with T1,annual averaged runoff of T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7,T8,T9 decreased by 80.9％,64.4％,83.0％,65.2％,68.0％,60.4％,93.8％,and 88.1％,respectively.The annual averaged soil erosion ofT1was9.5 t/hm2.Compared withT1,annual averaged soil erosion ofT2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7,T8,T9 decreased by 98.8％,57.3％,88.4％,60.7％,50.6％,56.6％,99.2％,and 94.4％,respectively.The annual averaged inorganic nitrogen loss of T1 with surface runoff was 207.6 kg N/hm2.Compared with T1,annual averaged inorganic nitrogen losses of T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7,T8,T9 decreased by 43.0％,24.7％,35.5％,20.0％,36.8％,20.2％,75.6％,and 55.9％,respectively.It was not ignore for the inorganic nitrogen losses of snowmelt runoff for sloping land.The performances of runoff retaining and reduced nitrogen losses for single-tillage measure on sloping land under spring corn system,of which hedgerow was the best,followed by the straw mulching,and finally horizon ridge;combining horizon ridge and hedgerow technology performed the best for multi-tillage measures.When we adopted the conventional tillage measure with different fertilization strategies,it was much more runoff for organic manure partial substitution resulted from weaker aboveground growth;reduced N treatment performed high soil erosion and low surface-flow inorganic nitrogen losses resulted from less inorganic nitrogen concentration.The surface runoff and daily rainfall had linear positive correlations (R2:0.213 9～0.543 8) except T2 and T9;the soil erosion,inorganic nitrogen losses and runoff had linear positive correlations (R2:0.338 0～0.728 1,0.618 4～0.895 2) except T1.When the annual ratio of NO3--N/(NO3-N+NH4+-N) decreased,the annual inorganic nitrogen loss with surface runoff also decreased.关键词
耕作措施/氮肥/黑土/坡耕地/水土流失/氮素损失Key words
tillage measure/nitrogen fertilizer/black soil/slope land/water and soil loss/nitrogen loss分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
宿敏敏,王晓军,高洪生..耕作措施与氮肥对黑土流失及氮损失的影响[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(6):58-65,163,9.基金项目
国家科技部重大专项(2013ZX07201007-004) （2013ZX07201007-004）
