水土保持学报2017，Vol.31Issue(6)：94-99,6.DOI:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2017.06.016
秸秆覆盖红壤径流养分流失效益及径流剪切力影响研究
Effects of Straw Mulching on Soil Erosion Benefits and Runoff Shear Force Under Simulated Rainfall
摘要
Abstract
By the experiments of simulated rainfall,the effects of straw mulching on nitrogen and phosphorus loss and runoff shear force were studied.Soil plots (1.5 m length × 0.5 m width × 0.3 m height) and rainfall intensity (2.0 mm/min) and slope gradient (20°) were established.Latosolic red soil was selected.The results showed that:(1) Straw mulching significantly decreased sediment yield and runoff volume,the benefit was 69.3％ in runoff volume,and 99.2％ in sediment yield.The infiltration rate of soil was improved at 32％,so straw mulching could conserve soil and water significantly.(2) Straw mulching significantly decreased the loss of runoff-associated total nitrogen,particulate nitrogen,dissolved nitrogen and total phosphorus,dissolved phosphorus,particulate phosphorus,and the loss benefits were more than 74％ in nitrogen more than78％ in phosphorus.The runoff-associated dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus loss were greater than the particulate nitrogen and phosphorus loss.Straw mulching reduced the runoff-associated phosphorus loss greater than that of nitrogen.(3) Cubic equations were established between runoff shear force per unit area per unit time and runoff-associated nitrogen and phosphorus loss rates and sediment yield rates,and the preliminary inference indicated that runoff shear force was the main dynamic factor of soil erosion.(4) The critical starting runoff shear force was 2.8 N/m2 under straw mulching,and 1.5 N/me under non-straw mulching.关键词
秸秆覆盖/效益/氮磷流失/径流剪切力/人工降雨Key words
straw mulching/benefits/nitrogen and phosphorus loss/runoff shear force/simulated rainfall分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
白永会,查轩,查瑞波,张婧,戴金梅,王丽园,刘川,范章怀..秸秆覆盖红壤径流养分流失效益及径流剪切力影响研究[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(6):94-99,6.基金项目
国家重点研发项目“南方红壤低山丘陵区水土流失综合治理”(2017YFC05054) （2017YFC05054）
国家科技支撑计划项目“强度侵蚀区退化生态系统修复关键技术的研发与集成”(2014BAD15B02) （2014BAD15B02）
福建师范大学地理科学学院2017年度研究生科研创新基金项目(B2015112) （B2015112）
