水土保持学报2017，Vol.31Issue(6)：139-147,9.DOI:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2017.06.024
不同砂石覆盖量对土壤水分及冬小麦生长过程的影响
Effects of Different Sand-gravel Mulching Amounts on Soil Water Storage and Winter Wheat Growth Processes
摘要
Abstract
In order to investigate the effects of different sand-gravel mulching amounts on soil water movement,soil water storage,evapotranspiration processes and winter wheat growths,two-year experiments were conducted in 24 soil containers which were put under a rain shelter at four sand-gravel mulching amounts (0,23,46 and 69 kg/m2).The soil water dynamic change was observed by a micro-lysimeter which contained a high-precision weighing transducer connected with a data logger.For the no-wheat and with wheat conditions,when the sand-gravel mulch amounts increased from 0 to 69 kg/m2,the treatments were named NW0,NW23,NW46,NW69 andW0,W23,W46,W69,respectively.The results showed that:(1) Soil water storage increased with the increase of sand-gravel mulch amounts,the monthly soil evaporation,monthly evapotranspiration,cumulative soil evaporation and cumulative evapotranspiration decreased with the increase of sand-gravel mulch amounts.Soil water storages under the with-wheat conditions were lower than the values of the no wheat conditions.The monthly soil evaporation,monthly evapotranspiration,cumulative soil evaporation and cumulative evapotranspiration under the with-wheat conditions were a little bit higher than the values under the no-wheat conditions,especially at the later winter wheat growth stages.Under the no-wheat conditions,in the first and second years,the cumulative evaporations of the three coverage treatments were less than the non mulching treatment from 11.6％ to 18.1％ and 28.5％ to 47.5％,respectively.Under the with-wheat conditions,in the first and second years,the total evapotranspiration of the three coverage treatments was less than the non mulching treatment from 2.2％ to 3.7％ and 0.7％ to 3.6％,respectively.(2) All of the plant heights,leaf area indexes,productive panicle number,yields and water use efficiencies of the winter wheat increased with the increase of sand-gravel mulching amounts.In the first and second years,the maximum plant height of the three coverage treatments was more than the non mulching treatment from 5.3％ to 17.2％ and 1.0％ to 5.8％,respectively.The maximum leaf area index of the three coverage treatments was more than the non mulching treatment from 17.9％ to 74.6％ and 7.9％ to 28.2％,respectively.The yields of the three coverage treatments were more than the non mulching treatment from 6.6％ to 14.2％ and 12.3％ to 44.6％,respectively.The water use efficiency of the three coverage treatments were more than the non mulching treatment from 8.0％ to 16.2％ and 15.6％ to 67.1％,respectively.From the results,the most suitable sand-gravel mulching amount was 69 kg/m2,the sand-gravel mulch can effectively prevent soil water evaporation,the increased soil water storage at early crop growth stages could be utilized for later stages of crop growth,which highly contributes for improving crop yields and water use efficiency.关键词
砂石覆盖量/土壤水分/冬小麦/产量/水分利用效率Key words
amounts of sand-gravel mulch/soil water storage/winter wheat/yield/water use efficiency分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
付亚亚,李毅,冯浩..不同砂石覆盖量对土壤水分及冬小麦生长过程的影响[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(6):139-147,9.基金项目
国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)项目(2013AA102904) （863计划）
陕西省水利科技计划项目(2016slkj-17) （2016slkj-17）
国家外国专家局“111”计划项目(B12007) （B12007）
中央高校基本科研业务费项目(2452016069) （2452016069）
