中国农业科学2017，Vol.50Issue(23)：4530-4544,中插18-中插20,18.DOI:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.23.007
糜子育成品种农艺、产量及品质性状综合鉴定与评价
Comprehensive Evaluation of Agronomic, Yield and Quality Traits of Broomcorn Millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) Cultivars
摘要
Abstract
[Objective] In order to analyze the problems existed in broomcorn millet improvement and put forward solutions, the agronomic, yield and quality traits of non-waxy and waxy broomcorn millet cultivars were evaluated. This would also provide theoretical supports for the breeding and development of broomcorn millet production. [Method]The experimental materials were 22 non-waxy broomcorn millet and 18 waxy broomcorn millet cultivars developed in recent years. The agronomic traits (growth duration, plant height, nodes, grain color, panicle color, and panicle shape) and yield traits (1000-grain weight, panicle weight and panicle size) were collected in field trials. The yellow pigment (n-butanol extraction), crude fat content (Soxhlet extraction method), amylose and amylopectin content (dual wavelength method) and protein content (Kjeldahl method) were obtained in laboratory.[Result]The average yield of non-waxy broomcorn millet cultivars was 3465.5 kg·hm-2 (2976.0-3915.0 kg·hm-2), and that of waxy broomcorn millet cultivars was 3163.4 kg·hm-2 (2575.5-4002.0 kg·hm-2). The correlation analysis of agronomic traits showed that the correlation coefficient between yield and growth duration, 1000-grain weight, panicle size and panicle weight reached the significant level. The results showed that the growth duration, plant height, nodes, 1000-grain weight, panicle weight, panicle size and yield of broomcorn millet cultivars were within a small range. The average yellow pigment of non-waxy broomcorn millet cultivars was 2.7 mg·kg-1 (1.7-3.3 mg·kg-1), and that of waxy broomcorn millet cultivars was 2.4 mg·kg-1 (2.1-2.9 mg·kg-1). The average crude fat content of non-waxy broomcorn millet cultivars was 3.6％ (1.7％-5.6％), and that of waxy broomcorn millet cultivars was 4.1％ (2.7％-5.5％). There was no significant difference between non-waxy and waxy broomcorn millet in yellow pigment and crude fat content. The average amylose content of non-waxy broomcorn millet cultivars was 32.22％(11.31％-38.67％), while the average amylopectin content was 35.01％ (21.43％-64.02％). The average total starch content of non-waxy broomcorn millet cultivars was 67.23％ (58.59％-77.87％). The average ratio of amylose to amylopectin of non-waxy broomcorn millet cultivars was 1.00 (0.18-1.73). The average amylose content of waxy broomcorn millet cultivars was 3.69％(2.24％-5.55％), while the average amylopectin content was 57.37％ (49.40％-68.01％). The average total starch content of waxy broomcorn millet cultivars was 61.06％ (54.18％-72.11％). The average ratio of amylose to amylopectin of waxy broomcorn millet cultivars was 0.07 (0.05-0.11). Among them, the content of amylose was higher in Longmi 5 and Longmi 8, and the content of amylose was moderate in Ningmi 17 and Yumi 2, and the content of amylose was low in Jinshu 9 and Yanshu 7. The average protein content of non-waxy broomcorn millet cultivars was 11.13％ (9.64％-13.26％), and that of waxy broomcorn millet cultivars was 13.72％ (12.10％-15.72％). The protein content of waxy broomcorn millet was higher than that of non-waxy broomcorn millet.[Conclusion]In recent years, variations in a number of agronomic and yield traits of broomcorn millet cultivars released was within a small range and the type of broomcorn millet cultivars was unitary, which could not meet the production and market demand. It is necessary to combine the traditional breeding method with the new molecular breeding technology in mining, utilizing and innovating the excellent millet resources. The direction of improvement of millet cultivars is to develop new cultivars with excellent traits, strong resistance to biotic and abiotic stress, wide adaptability, high yield and good quality.关键词
糜子/农艺性状/产量性状/品质性状Key words
broomcorn millet/agronomic traits/yield traits/quality traits引用本文复制引用
杨清华,邱军,李海,杨天育,程炳文,赵敏,刘国庆,高小丽,冯佰利..糜子育成品种农艺、产量及品质性状综合鉴定与评价[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(23):4530-4544,中插18-中插20,18.基金项目
国家"十二五"科技支撑计划(2014BAD07B03)、国家自然科学基金(31371529)、国家谷子糜子产业技术体系(CARS-07-A9)、陕西省科技统筹创新工程计划(2014KTZB02-03) （2014BAD07B03）
