中国水产科学2018，Vol.25Issue(1)：97-107,11.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1118.2018.17056
不同饵料对美洲西鲱仔鱼生长、相关酶活力及体脂肪酸的影响
Effects of different diets on growth performance, enzyme activity, and body fatty acid composition in larval American shad(Alosa sapidissima)
摘要
Abstract
The American shad,Alosa sapidissima,is an economically and ecologically valuable anadromous her-ring native to the Atlantic coast of North America, which was introduced into China as an alternative species to the Chinese shad Tenualosa reevesii(because of the latter's near extinction), and is considered as an emerging aqua-culture species in China. However, the high mortality rate in the early stage of development, particularly after in-gestion of exogenous food, has seriously restricted the development of the industry. Therefore, food selection during seed rearing has important significance. In the present study, the effect of different diets on growth perfor-mance, survival, digestive enzyme activity, immune response, and body fatty acid composition in larval American shad were assessed.Larvae of American shad,10 d after hatching,were reared with different diets(Artemia,micro diet, and mixed feeding Artemia and micro diet), in triplicate, for 30 d cultivation. The survival and growth per-formance (survival rate, total length, body weight, and specific growth rate) in the mixed feeding group were sig-nificantly better than those in the other two groups during the studied period (P<0.05). This may be attributable to the difficulty in digesting micro diets during the early experiment stage and the deficiency of essential fatty acids in Artemia,particularly the deficiency of n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids(n-3HUFA)and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).There were no obvious differences between the micro diet group and Artemia group;however,the survival and growth performance of the micro diet group during the 20 d–30 d period were better than those in the Artemia group (P<0.05). This may be because larval fish can digest and absorb micro diets efficiently during this period;moreover, micro diets have a better nutrient content. There were no significant differences in the pepsin and am-ylase activities among all groups,whereas the activities of trypsin,chymotrypsin,and lipase in the Artemia group were significantly lower than those in the other two groups (P<0.05). Furthermore, chymotrypsin and lipase activ-ities in the micro diet group were significantly higher than those in the mixed feeding group (P<0.05). This indi-cates that fish larvae could digest micro diets efficiently at the end of experiment, and the addition of micro diets can improve digestive enzyme activities and digestion ability to a certain extent. There was no significant differ-ence in the alkaline phosphatase and superoxide dismutase activities among all groups. The highest activities of catalase (CAT) and lysozyme (LZM) were recorded in the micro diet group, and the activities in this group were significantly higher than those in the Artemia group(P<0.05).There was a certain correlation between the survival performance during the 20–30 d period and the activities of CAT and LZM. The mortality in the micro diet group and mixed feeding group remained stable, whereas that in the Artemia group continued to decline during this pe-riod. This indicates that the addition of micro diets may enhance the non-specific immune response of larval fish. The fatty acid composition of fish larvae was affected considerably by the fatty acid composition of diets. Due to the higher content of essential fatty acids in micro diets, the contents of n-3 HUFA and DHA in the mixed feeding group and micro diet group were significantly higher than those in the Artemia group(P<0.05).The experimental results indicate that different diets have an obvious influence on the growth performance, survival, digestive en-zyme activity, immune response, and body fatty acid composition of larval American shad. This preliminary anal-ysis showed that mixed feeding with Artemia and micro diets before 20 d and full conversion to feeding with mi-cro diets after 20 d can reduce costs and improve production efficiency.关键词
美洲西鲱/微颗粒饲料/生长表现/消化酶/非特异性免疫/脂肪酸组成Key words
Alosa sapidissima/micro diets/growth performance/digestive enzyme/non-specific immunity/fatty acid composition分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
刘志峰,高小强,于久翔,王耀辉,秦巍仑,郭正龙,黄滨,刘宝良,洪磊..不同饵料对美洲西鲱仔鱼生长、相关酶活力及体脂肪酸的影响[J].中国水产科学,2018,25(1):97-107,11.基金项目
国家工程技术研究中心培育点项目(BM2013012) （BM2013012）
青岛博士后应用研究项目(Q51201611). （Q51201611）
