中国农业科学2018，Vol.51Issue(1)：139-148,10.DOI:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.01.013
油菜专用控释尿素用量对冬油菜产量和氮素吸收的影响
Effects of Different Special Controlled Release Urea Dosages on Yield and Nitrogen Uptake of Oilseed Rape
摘要
Abstract
[Objective] This study investigated the effects of different dosage of special controlled release urea (CRU) on the yield and nitrogen (N) uptake of winter oilseed rape in different areas.Our aim was to evaluate the suitable rate of the special CRU for oilseed rape and provide the basis for guiding light simplification of oilseed rape production.[Method] Field experiments were conducted in Hengyang (Hunan Province),Jiujiang (Jiangxi Province),and Wuxue (Hubei Province) during the period of 2015-2016,investigating nutrient release and fertilization effects of the special CRU.Each site included 5 nitrogen application rates being 0,60,120,180 and 240 kg N·hm-2,respectively.[Result] Field bagging experiment showed that the release time of special CRU was about 150 days,with the accumulative release amount of 83.4％,which coincided with the N demand of oilseed rape.The application of special CRU could control the harvest density of winter rapeseed,increasing the number of pods per plant and seed number per pod.Compared with no N treatment,the number of pods per plant and seed number per pod increased 15.0-81.5 pods per plant and 0.2-2.4 seeds per pod,respectively.Harvest density changed the coordination group and individual with N fertilizer variation.Oilseed rape production performed the highest grain yield when applying 180 kg N·hm-2 among the sites,which increased by 1 118 and 1 088 and 2 049 kg·hm-2,compared with the without N treatment,respectively.By fitted with linear and platform model,optimal special CRU dosages were 174,180 and 192 kg N·hm-2 in Hengyang,Jiujiang and Wuxue,respectively.The biomass,N concentration and N accumulation of aboveground biomass were significantly increased with the application of the special CRU.With the increase of N application rate,the proportion of N in the stem was raised gradually,and the proportion and distribution of N in the seed decreased,while the ratio of N distribution in the shell kept about 10％.The nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) was different in different periods.The NUE was 50.69％-56.89％ at flowering stage,39.39％-46.71％ at maturing stage,and only 9.20％-23.45％ at seedling stage,respectively.At seedling and flowering stages,the NUE showed increase first and then decrease with N application rate increase,reaching the maximum when the amount of the special CRU dosage was 180 kg N·hm-2.However,at maturing stage,the NUE reduced with the increase amount of nitrogen application.[Conclusion] The special CRU for winter oilseed rape could improve N uptake and promote the growth and development of rape in each growth period,especially in regulating the harvesting density,increasing the pod number per plant and seed number per pod,and eventually enhancing the rapeseed yield.The recommended amount of special CRU was 180 kg N·hm-2 among the sites.关键词
冬油菜/油菜专用控释尿素/产量/氮肥利用率/最佳用量Key words
oilseed rape/special controlled release urea for oilseed rape/rapeseed yield/nitrogen use efficiency/optimal dosage引用本文复制引用
张亚伟,刘秋霞,朱丹丹,樊小林,任涛,张丽梅,李小坤,丛日环,鲁剑巍..油菜专用控释尿素用量对冬油菜产量和氮素吸收的影响[J].中国农业科学,2018,51(1):139-148,10.基金项目
国家自然科学基金(31471941)、国家油菜产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-12) （31471941）
