中国生态农业学报2018，Vol.26Issue(2)：182-189,8.DOI:10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.171070
土壤氮气排放研究进展
Advance in soil dinitrogen emission
摘要
Abstract
The amount of applied nitrogen fertilizer has increased dramatically since the invention of the industrial ammoniasynthesis in the early 20th century. In some countries or regions, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer input has exceeded cropnitrogen demand. This has led to a large amount of nitrogen losses to the environment, causing environmental pollution such asammonia volatilization, nitrous oxide emission and groundwater contamination. Soil microbes can transform active nitrogeninto inert dinitrogen and consequently remove superfluous nitrogen from soil via denitrification and anammox. Direct andprecise measurement of soil denitrification has been a continuous challenge due to high background concentration of atmosphericdinitrogen, which has hindered progress in research on soil dinitrogen emissions. This paper reviewed the main pathwaysof soil dinitrogen emission [denitrification, dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) and co-denitrification]and their contributions to soil dinitrogen emission. It also covered the methods of soil dinitrogen flux determination (acetyleneinhibition technique, 15N tracing method, N2/Ar membrane-inlet mass spectrometry, helium environment method and naturalabundance 15N2O isotopic method) and their advantages, disadvantages. The key factors regulating soil dinitrogen emission(oxygen, dissolved organic carbon, nitrate, microbial community structure and functional gene expression) and the relatedmechanisms were also summarized. In conclusion, it was essential to develop new methods for in situ dinitrogen flux determinationin undisturbed soils. More studies were needed to quantify soil dinitrogen flux in typical ecosystems (such as dryland,farmland, forest, grassland and wetland), clarify microbial mechanism involved, and simulate and predict the responses of soildinitrogen emission to global change.关键词
土壤/氮气排放/反硝化/厌氧氨氧化/氧化亚氮排放/氮损失Key words
Soil/Dinitrogen emission/Denitrification/Anaerobic ammonia oxidation/Nitrous oxide emission/Nitrogen loss分类
资源环境引用本文复制引用
张志君,秦树平,袁海静,张玉铭,胡春胜..土壤氮气排放研究进展[J].中国生态农业学报,2018,26(2):182-189,8.基金项目
国家自然科学基金重点项目(41530859)与国家自然科学基金面上项目(41771331,41571291)资助This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41530859,41771331,41571291). （41530859）
