中国生态农业学报2018，Vol.26Issue(2)：203-213,11.DOI:10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.171158
施肥方式对紫色土农田生态系统N2O和NO排放的影响
Effects of fertilization regimes on N2O and NO emissions from agro-ecosystem of purplish soil
摘要
Abstract
Nitrous oxide (N2O) and nitric oxide (NO) emissions from agro-ecosystem of purplish soil were measured (starting from October 2003) in a long-term purplish soil fertilization platform (established in 2002) using closed static-chamber and gas chromatography systems. Single synthetic nitrogen fertilizer (N), pig manure (OM), regular synthetic nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer (NPK), pig manure combined with synthetic NPK fertilizer (OMNPK) and returned crop residues combined with synthetic NPK fertilizer (RSDNPK) under the same total nitrogen rate were set, and N2O and NO emissions from croplands of purplish soil were monitored under these fertilization regimes. No fertilizer treatment (CK) was used as control in the calculations of the emission coefficients. The results showed large fluctuations in emission rates of N2O and NO, with N2O and NO peak emissions at the early stage of fertilization. N2O emission was enhanced by heavy rainfall, but rainfall had no significant effect on NO emission. For the whole wheat-maize rotation period, cumulative annual emissions of N2O in N, OM, NPK, OMNPK and RSDNPK treatments were 1.40, 4.60, 0.95, 2.16 and 1.41 kg(N)·hm-2; and with emission coeffi-cients of 0.41%, 1.56%, 0.25%, 0.69% and 0.42%, respectively. The cumulative emissions of NO in N, OM, NPK, OMNPK and RSDNPK treatments were 0.57, 0.40, 0.39, 0.46 and 0.17 kg(N)·hm-2; and with emission coefficients of 0.21%, 0.15%, 0.15%, 0.17% and 0.07%, respectively. Fertilizer application regimes significantly (P < 0.05) influenced cumulative N2O and NO emissions. Compared with conventional NPK fertilizer, pig manure amendment stimulated N2O and NO emissions, with increases of 384% and 3% for OM and 127% and 18% for OMNPK, respectively. Returned crop residues combined with regular synthetic NPK fertilizer decreased NO emission by 56%. The application of pig manure (OM) increased N2O and NO emissions, whereas returned crop residues plus regular synthetic NPK fertilizer (RSDNPK) decreased NO emission. The re-search also showed that both soil temperature and moisture conditions significantly influenced N2O and NO emissions during wheat season (P < 0.01), but not during maize season (P > 0.05). However, soil inorganic nitrogen content was the main limiting factor for N2O and NO emissions during the whole wheat-maize rotation year (P < 0.01). Returned crop residues plus regular NPK fertilizer was recommended as the optimal fertilization regime for simultaneous mitigation of N2O and NO emissions.关键词
施肥方式/紫色土/N2O/NO/排放量/排放系数Key words
Fertilization regime/Purplish soil/N2O/NO/Emission flux/Emission coefficient分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
肖乾颖,黄有胜,胡廷旭,朱波..施肥方式对紫色土农田生态系统N2O和NO排放的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2018,26(2):203-213,11.基金项目
国家自然科学基金项目(41330744,41271321)和国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2012CB417101)资助This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41330744 and 41271321)and the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(2012CB417101). （41330744,41271321）
