中国农业科学2018，Vol.51Issue(2)：374-385,12.DOI:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.02.016
三种限水灌溉水平下中麦175干物质积累与水分利用特性解析
Dry Matter Accumulation and Water Use Performance of Winter Wheat Cultivar Zhongmai 175 Under Three Limited Irrigation Levels
摘要
Abstract
[Objective] Zhongmai 175 is a widely adapted and largely planted winter wheat cultivar both in irrigated areas of northern winter wheat zone and rainfed areas of Huang-Huai Rivers Valley wheat zone.Therefore,understanding its dry matter accumulation and water use performance could be helpful to reveal water saving and high-yielding mechanism of wheat.[Method] Field experiments were conducted in Wuqiao of Hebei province and in Shunyi of Beijing with two wheat cultivars (namely,Zhongmai 175 and Jingdong 17) under three limited irrigation levels,including no irrigation in whole growing stage (W0),irrigation in jointing stage (W1,75 mm),and irrigations in jointing and flowering stage (W2,75 mm +75 mm).Phenotypic traits such as population vitality,dry matter accumulation and distribution,yield and water use efficiency (WUE) were compared to understand the differences between the two cultivars as well as their responses to different irrigation levels.[Result] The highest yields were obtained under W2 treatment for both cultivars,while yield decreased with the reduction of irrigation.The W0 treatment mainly reduced the kernel number per square meter due to the remarkable decrease of 47-67 in spike number per square meter (SN) and 1.6-5.1 decrease in kernel number per spike (KNS).The W1 treatment mainly reduced the thousand-kernel weight (TKW) about 0.6-1.5 g.Water deficit notably reduced evapotranspiration (ET) and population biomass.Nevertheless,it remarkably increased the translocation amount (TA) of dry matter accumulated before flowering to grains.However,moderate water deficit (W1) increased the WUE of both cultivars.Compared with Jingdong 17,Zhongmai 175 showed higher yield and yield stability under different irrigation treatments.In Zhongmai 175,most of the physiological traits like normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI),canopy temperature depression (CTD) and content of conserved water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) in stem in middle grain-filling stage were higher;Contrastingly,water sensitive coefficient (WS) of most yield traits was lower in Zhongmai 175.These characters might be the physiological basis for the high yield and efficiency of Zhongmai 175.The WS of KNS and biomass showed close correlation with WS of yield,as well as WS of NDVI and CTD in early stage of grain-filling.[Conclusion] The rapid accumulation of dry matter in early stage,large pool capacity and strong ability of population vitality might be the main reasons for the water-saving and high yield of Zhongmai 175.The differences of NDVI and CTD in early stage of grain-filling under different irrigation treatments could be used as fast and comprehensive evaluation parameters in detecting water sensitivity of different cultivars.关键词
冬小麦/水分利用效率/水分敏感系数/可溶性糖含量/产量Key words
winter wheat/water use efficiency/water sensitive coefficient/content of conserved water-soluble carbohydrates/yield引用本文复制引用
李法计,徐学欣,何中虎,肖永贵,陈新民,王志敏..三种限水灌溉水平下中麦175干物质积累与水分利用特性解析[J].中国农业科学,2018,51(2):374-385,12.基金项目
国家粮食丰产增效科技创新专项(2016YFD0300401)、国家小麦产业技术体系项目(CARS-03)、中国农业科学院科技创新工程、中国农业科学院基本科研业务费(Y2016CG22) （2016YFD0300401）
