中国生态农业学报2018，Vol.26Issue(3)：317-328,12.DOI:10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.170760
旱地雨养农业覆膜体系及其土壤生态环境效应
Review of plastic film mulching system and its impact on soil ecological environment in China's rainfed drylands
摘要
Abstract
Plastic film mulching, as an important and effective cultivation mode that improves grain yield, has been widely used in rainfed agricultural areas in Northwest China. This study reviewed crop yield, soil moisture content, soil temperature, soil nutrient transformation and transport, and microbial population and activity under plastic film mulching conditions. The review was designed to provide theoretical support for improving plastic film mulching system in China's rainfed dry regions. Researches results showed that maize, wheat and potato increased yields significantly under plastic film mulching compared to no mulching condition. Yield increase was influenced by plastic film cover mode, with an average increase rate of 26.2%,37.1% and 29.8%, respectively. Full-film mulching most significantly increased crop yield. Average yields of maize, wheat and potato were respectively 30.0%, 5.1% and 26.4% higher than ridge and furrow system with ridge mulching. Water use effi-ciencies of maize, wheat and potato under film mulching increased respectively by 42.8%, 10.9% and 92.8% over no mulching. Film mulching influenced vertical distribution of nitrate in the soil profile, with nitrate accumulation in the topsoil layer under plastic film mulching. Also film mulching improved nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency, and reduced nitrogen leaching and am-monia volatilization. However, there were some different conclusions on denitrification under film mulching system, which required further studies. The influence of film mulching on organic carbon was related to climate, soil, crop and mulching time, which meant that the results were not consistent. In addition, film mulching increased farmland soil microbial biomass and changed soil physical properties. Although film mulching significantly improved crop yields, it certainly affected the ecological environment via such processes as "extravagant water deprivation", increased greenhouse gas emission, soil organic matter exhaustion, mulch film residues, etc. Thus further systematic research on the controlling mechanisms, improvement strategies of film mulching technology and comprehensive evaluation of the effect of film mulching system on ecological environment needed urgent attention for sustainable development of agricultural production in China's arid areas.关键词
地膜覆盖/作物产量/土壤环境/养分利用效率/水分利用效率/养分迁移转化/西北地区Key words
Plastic film mulching/Crop yield/Soil environment/Nutrient use efficiency/Water use efficiency/Nutrient transport and transformation/Northwest China分类
农业科学引用本文复制引用
蒋锐,郭升,马德帝..旱地雨养农业覆膜体系及其土壤生态环境效应[J].中国生态农业学报,2018,26(3):317-328,12.基金项目
陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2017JM4012)、陕西省科技统筹创新工程计划项目(2016KTZDNY03-06)和国家自然科学基金项目(41201279)资助This study was supported by the Natural Science Basic Research Plan of Shaanxi Province of China(2017JM4012),the Science and Tech-nology for Co-ordination and Innovation Project of Shaanxi Province,China(2016KTZDNY03-06)and the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China(41201279). （2017JM4012）
