生态学报2018，Vol.38Issue(4)：1382-1391,10.DOI:10.5846/stxb201701050043
水位变动影响下三峡库区汉丰湖鸟类群落及多样性
Impact of water level fluctuation on avian community and diversity in Hanfeng Lake of the Three Gorges Reservoir
摘要
Abstract
Impacted by the water level control (summer down,winter up) of the Three Gorges Reservoir,the water-level fluctuation of the Hanfeng Lake located at the center of the Three Gorges Reservoir reaches 22.5 m.In order to determine the response relationship between the avian community structure and water-level fluctuation,we conducted a survey on the structure and diversity of the avian community in this area from March 2015 to February 2016.We recorded 97 bird species belonging to 32 families of 12 orders.Of these species,47 were wetland birds comprising waterfowls (18 species),shorebirds (13 species),egrets (7 species),and rallidaes (5 species).The research showed that the structure and diversity of the avian community of the Hanfeng Lake were significantly affected by its water-level fluctuation.During the low-water-level period in summer (August,at the water level of 152.50m),the avian richness (34 species) and ShannonWiener index were the highest,and the carnivorous and insectivorous birds were the main feeding functional groups.Owing to the vast habitat diversity,the vigorously growing plants and abundant food resources were available.This period provided suitable habitats for passeriformes,egrets,rallidaes,and so on.During the high-water-level period of the Hanfeng Lake in winter (December,at the water level of 174.50m),the avian Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou index were the lowest,and the herbivorous birds were the main feeding functional group;however the number of birds was the largest due to the presence of open water with single type of habitat in this period,and the open water was favorable for the ducks clustering to overwinter.During the water-releasing period in winter (at the water level of 170.01m),a decline in water level resulted in the changes in the habitat structure of the Hanfeng Lake leading to a decline in the number and richness of wintering birds,according to which their spatial distribution patterns changed at the same time.Birds are important components of the biodiversity of the Three Gorges Reservoir.To protect and promote the biodiversity of this reservoir as well as to restore and rebuild the avian habitats,we should create ecological designs to satisfy the functional needs of breeding birds and wintering waterfowls.关键词
鸟类群落/多样性/水位变动/汉丰湖/三峡水库Key words
avian community/diversity/water level fluctuation/Hanfeng Lake/Three Gorges Reservoir引用本文复制引用
刁元彬,刘红,袁兴中,张乔勇,熊森,黄亚洲,岳俊生,周李磊..水位变动影响下三峡库区汉丰湖鸟类群落及多样性[J].生态学报,2018,38(4):1382-1391,10.基金项目
国家科技重大专项(2013ZX07104-004-05) （2013ZX07104-004-05）
