水氮耦合对滴灌冬小麦氮素吸收、转运及产量的影响
Effect of Water and Nitrogen Coupling on N Absorption, Translocation and Yield of Winter Wheat under Drip Irrigation
摘要
Abstract
[Objective] To clarify the mechanism of efficient use of nitrogen,the characteristics of N ab-sorption and utilization of winter wheat in drip irrigation in southern Xinjiang were studied.[Method]Xindong 22 was used as testing material,and split plot design was used where the main zone was fertigation treatments including N0(0 kg/hm2),N1(138 kg/hm2), N2(207 kg/hm2)and N3(276 kg/hm2); deputy district was drip irrigating treatments including W1(1,800 m3/hm2),W2(3,150 m3/hm2)and W3(4,500 m3/hm2)in spring based on the unified winter irrigation of 900 m3/hm2.[Result](1)Proper increase of water and nitro-gen supply was beneficial to increase nitrogen accumulation in winter wheat, and nitrogen accumulation of N3W2,N3W3,N2W2and N2W3was significantly higher than that of other treatments.(2)The main period of nitrogen accumulation was before anthesis with 78.28% of the total accumulation.The jointing -flowering stage was the peak of nitrogen uptake rate,and with N3W2,N2W3and N2W2treatments reaching the highest of 6.38 kg/(hm2· d),5.81 kg/(hm2· d)and 5.01 kg/(hm2· d), respectively.(3)The amount of ni-trogen translocation in each organ and its contribution rate to nitrogen accumulation of grain were leaf >stem+sheath >spike axis +glume.Nitrogen translocation amount in vegetative organs of N 3W2and N2W3was significantly higher than that by other treatments, reaching 158.34 kg/hm2and 147.49 kg/hm2, the grain protein content and protein yield of N 3W2,N2W2and N2W3were significantly higher than those by other treat-ments,reaching 15.73%,15.41%and 14.18%,1,475.94 kg/hm2,1,256.97 kg/hm2and 1,217.78 kg/hm2,respectively.(4)The yield components and water and nitrogen use efficiency of winter wheat under drip irrigation have significant coupling effects of water and nitrogen, the yields of N3W2, N2W3and N2W2were higher,and their agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer,nitrogen use efficiency and irrigation water use ef-ficiency were also the largest.[Conclusion]207 -276 kg/hm2nitrogen rate and 3,150 -4,500 m3/hm2 spring drip amount were the suitable supply range in this region.When the nitrogen amount was 275.08 kg/hm2,the drip irrigation was 4,457.89 m3/hm2(including winter irrigation of 900 m3/hm2), the yield could reach the maximum of 8,558.73 kg/hm2.关键词
冬小麦/水氮耦合/滴灌/氮素吸收与运转/产量Key words
winter wheat/water and nitrogen coupling/drip irrigation/nitrogen absorption and translo-cation/yield分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
陈慧,黄振江,王冀川,潘雪娇,张迪,徐雅丽..水氮耦合对滴灌冬小麦氮素吸收、转运及产量的影响[J].新疆农业科学,2018,55(1):44-56,13.基金项目
国家自然科学基金项目"新疆滴灌小麦水分高效利用原理与调控机理研究"(31260303) （31260303）
塔里木大学校长基金项目"滴灌小麦群体质量调控效应与高产途径研究"(TDZKGG201702) （TDZKGG201702）
少数民族聚居团场科技特派员科技帮扶三年行动专项"南疆粮食高产高效生产关键技术集成与示范"(2013AA002) （2013AA002）
塔里木大学研究生科研创新项目"滴灌水氮运筹对小麦根冠生长及氮素利用效率的研究"(TDGRI201602)The National Natural Science Foundation of China＂Study on the principle of efficient use of water and regulation mechanism of wheat under drip irrigation in Xinjiang＂(31260303) （TDGRI201602）
Tarim University President Fund Project＂Study on the population quality control effect and high－yield way of drip irrigation wheat＂(TDZKGG201702) （TDZKGG201702）
Three－Year Project of Sci－Tech Special Commissioner for Minority Inhabited Are－as＂Integration and demonstration of key technologies for high yield and high efficiency grain production in southern Xinjiang＂(2013AA002) （2013AA002）
Re－search and Innovation Project of Graduate Students of Tarim University＂Effects of water and nitrogen application on root and shoot growth and nitro－gen use efficiency in wheat under drip irrigation condition＂(TDGRI201602) （TDGRI201602）
