植物营养与肥料学报2018，Vol.24Issue(1)：22-32,11.DOI:10.11674/zwyf.17210
(蝼)土冬小麦-夏玉米轮作体系有机肥替代化肥比例研究
Replacement ratio of chemical fertilizer nitrogen with manure under the winter wheat-summer maize rotation system in Lou soil
摘要
Abstract
[Objectives] Replacing certain amount of chemical nutrients with manure is an important way to achieve the goal of zero-increase of total fertilizer consumption in the near future in China.This paper studied the responses of crops to the replacement,in order to realize the rational use of organic manure resource.[Methods] A field experiment was carried out in two-year winter wheat-summer maize rotation system in Guanzhong Plain of Shaanxi Province.There were 6 treatments,i.e.no fertilization input as control (CK),100％ chemical fertilizers (NPK),25％,50％,75％ and 100％ of the N supplied by manures,recorded as 25％M,50％M,75％M,and 100％M.The yields and nitrogen use efficiencies of crops were analyzed.[Results] Crop yields were increased with the increase of organic N substitution ratios,and the treatment of 75％M had the highest crop yields.During two rotation years,the N recovery efficiencies were 35％-43％ and 38％-61％;the N agronomic efficiencies were 12.3-18.3 kg/kg and 17-24 kg/kg;the N partial factor productivities were 41.4-46.5 kg/kg and 44-51 kg/kg;the N physiology efficiencies were 31-47 kg/kg and 34-46 kg/kg,respectively.All the N efficiencies were the highest under the 75％M treatment.The residual NO3-N contents at 0-100 cm depth ranged from 11 to 133 kg/hm2,and the highest residual was in NPK treatment after the twoyears' experiment.The N balance showed that the treatments of 50％M,75％M and 100％M had N surplus of 33-120 kg/hm2,with the highest surplus in the 100％M treatment,while the 25％M and NPK treatments had N deficit of 19.6 kg/hm2 and 40.3 kg/hm2,respectively.The average annual economic benefit was in a decreased order as 75％M ＞ 50％M ＞ 25％M ＞ NPK ＞ 100％M.The highest annual income was about 19906 yuan/hm2 and the lowest was about 16634 yuar/hm2.[Conclusions] Substituting 75％ of chemical N input with manure could effectively increase crop yields,N efficiency and economic benefits,and reduce soil nitrate nitrogen residues.However,it still needs to be further studied how combining organic manure with chemical fertilizer affects crop productivity and nutrient use efficiency in a long-term.关键词
(蝼)土/小麦/玉米轮作/有机肥氮/产量要素/氮效率Key words
Lou soil/wheat-maize rotation/manure N/yield components/nitrogen use efficiency引用本文复制引用
吕凤莲,侯苗苗,张弘弢,强久次仁,周应田,路国艳,赵秉强,杨学云,张树兰..(蝼)土冬小麦-夏玉米轮作体系有机肥替代化肥比例研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2018,24(1):22-32,11.基金项目
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0800105)资助. （2016YFD0800105）
