心理学报2018，Vol.50Issue(2)：186-196,11.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1041.2018.00186
强弱语义语境下的否定句加工机制
The processing of negative sentences in different semantic context
摘要
Abstract
Affirmation and negation are two main semantic and grammatical categories in any language. The propositional theory and experiential-simulations view were proposed to explain the processing mechanism of negative sentences. Both of their supporters have supplied plenty of empirical evidence, but neither of them can beat each other. Thus, the comprehensive theories, such as dual coding theory, LASS and symbolic interdependency hypothesis have been proposed to fill the gap. In the present study, we design two eye-tracking experiments to lend further support to comprehensive theories. In the two experiments, eye-tracking technical was adopted to explore the processing mechanism of negative sentences in different semantic contexts. In Experiment 1, the alternative choices (e.g.,outspread arm) presented to the participants have close semantic connection with the negated events of the sentences (e.g., the arm isn't crooked); In Experiment 2, the alternative choices (e.g.,black skirt) presented to the participants have relatively weak semantic connection with the depicted negative events (e.g.,the skirt isn't blue). In summary, 'blue-black' has relatively weaker semantic connection than that of 'outspread-crook'. In these two eye-tracking experiments, voice was used to present the negative sentence, and the corresponding pictures were presented at the moment of reading the words depicting the negated state (e.g.,crook/blue). And the participants' task was to choose which picture matched the sentence. The results demonstrated that, at the early stage of processing, there was no difference between the fixation probabilities to pictures depicting the negated state of affairs (crooked arm) and their alternative (outspread arm) in experiment 1 at time window 201～600 ms. In contrast, participants had higher fixation probabilities to pictures depicting the negated state of affairs (blue skirt) than that to pictures depicting the alternatives in experiment 2 at time window 401～600 ms. Then at the later stage, participants showed higher fixation probabilities to the pictures depicting alternatives to the pictures depicting the negated state of affairs from 601 ms in experiment 1 and 801ms in the experiment 2. Besides, the fixation probabilities to the pictures depicting the negated states were lower than the random level after 1001 ms in both of the two experiments. The results from the two experiments showed that, both propositional process and simulating process are necessary when processing negative sentences. Compared with processing negative sentence in weak semantic context, it's easier for participants to get the actual state of event with the help of strong semantic context. In addition, participants will not keep the simulation of the negated state of event in his mind, which supports suppression hypothesis. In summary, the results support the symbolic interdependency hypothesis as well as suppression hypothesis.关键词
否定/语境/符号依存假设/两步模拟假设/锚激活与限制满足模型Key words
negation/context/symbolic interdependency hypothesis/two-step simulation hypothesis/anchor-based activation and satisfaction constrained mode分类
社会科学引用本文复制引用
陈广耀,何先友,刘涛..强弱语义语境下的否定句加工机制[J].心理学报,2018,50(2):186-196,11.基金项目
广东省自然科学基金博士科研启动项目(2017A030310536):"命题表征or经验模拟?来自否定句加工机制的证据" （2017A030310536）
广东省哲学社会科学'十三五'规划项目(GD16XXW01) （GD16XXW01）
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(17JNQN022) （17JNQN022）
2015教育部重点研究基地心理应用研究中心课题"文字符号否定与图形符号否定的加工机制:来自多方法的汇集证据"(15JJD190005)资助. （15JJD190005）
