中国水土保持科学2018，Vol.16Issue(1)：72-79,8.DOI:10.16843/j.sswc.2018.01.009
南亚热带不同类型人工林的水土保持效应
Soil and water conservation effects of different plantations in southern subtropical area of China
摘要
Abstract
[Background] Soil and water conservation is one of the major ecological functions of plantations,which may be affected by plant species composition and age of the plantations.There are 69 million ha plantations in China,which is composed of tens of thousands of plant species including both native and exotic species.These plantations have played important role in soil and water conservation.A study at Heshan National Field Research and Observation Station of Forest Ecosystem was conducted.[Methods] Five kinds of young plantations and four mature plantations were selected,and runoff fields were built under all plantations in order to have the long-term data.Runoff was monitored by automatic level logger placed in every plot.Bed load sediment data was collected at the end of each year.Characteristics of runoff and bed load sediment of each plantation were analyzed with ANOVA.[Results] Mature plantations functioned better than young plantations in terms of runoff reduction,the former reduced runoff by 64.2％ compared to young ones in six years (2008-2013).The annual mean runoff of young plantations was 159.4 mm,with the order of EU1 (Eucalyptus urophylla) ＜ M1 (Eucalyptus urophylla) ＜ AC (Acacia crassicarpa) ＜ M2 (30 species mixed forest) ＜ CH (Castanopsis hystrix).Monthly mean runoff was 13.29 mm within the range of 9.22 to 16.59 mm.The annual mean runoff of mature plantations was 57.1 mm,with the order of EU (Eucalyptus urophylla) ＜ AM (Acacia mangium) ＜ SS (Schima superba) ＜ PM (Pinus massoniana).Monthly mean runoff was 4.34 mm within the range of 3.22 to 6.04 mm.On the study of soil erosion,the average bed load sediment of young plantations (3-7 years) was 7.14 times of mature plantations (24-28 years).Bed load sediment varied with plantation type in the order of AC ＜ M1 ＜ M2 ＜ EU1 ＜ CH for young plantations and in the order of SS ＜ AM ＜ EU for mature plantations.In 2010,the bed load sediment amount of all plantations except CH began to reach a steady low level,while in 2012 all plantations were at a steady low level.[Conclusions] Soil and water erosion from different plantations show a significant downward trend through young plantation stage.Eucalyptus spp.is a better candidate for water conservation both in young and mature plantations,but Castanopsis hystrix and Eucalyptus spp.do not act well in reducing bed load sediment in young plantations.Pinus massoniana's bed load sediment is significantly higher than other forest types of mature ones,though the differences of quantity in runoff among different forest types are not big in the long-term restoration.In both young and mature forests,the mixed forests are better than monoculture forests in water and soil conservation.关键词
南亚热带/成熟人工林/幼龄人工林/地表径流/水土保持Key words
southern subtropical area/mature plantation/young plantation/surface runoff/soil and water conservation分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
孙聃,刘素萍,申卫军,饶兴权,郭志峰,李永强..南亚热带不同类型人工林的水土保持效应[J].中国水土保持科学,2018,16(1):72-79,8.基金项目
国家自然科学基金“土壤微生物对森林生态系统碳-氮耦合循环过程的调控机制”(31290222) （31290222）
