中国生态农业学报2018，Vol.26Issue(4)：493-504,12.DOI:10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.170904
养猪微生物发酵床真菌空间分布特性研究
Spatial distribution characteristics of fungal population in microbial fermenta-tion bed for pig rearing
摘要
Abstract
Pig rearing on microbial fermentation bed system is a new environmentally-friendly breeding method. Micro-organisms are critical for deodorization and decomposition of pig excrement. The aim of this study was to investigate the spatial distribution characteristics of fungal population in the litters of microbial fermentation bed at Fuqing Agriculture Modern Facilities Base, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China. A total of 32 litter samples were collected in space and culturable fungi in each sample isolated and identified based on morphological characteristics and molecular identification. The spatial distribution characteristics of the fungal population in the fermentation bed were evaluated by analyzing spatial distribution frequency, spatial distribution index, diversity index and niche characteristics. This was critical for laying the needed basis for the management of pig fermentation beds, utilization of pig manure and control of pig diseases. From the study, a total of 18 fungal species were isolated from 32 samples, be-longing to 10 different genera.The dominant genus was Aspergillus,which had 7 species.There were significant differences in the species and amount of fungi at different spatial samples. There were 1–4 species and 4.0×102–5.8×105colonies·g -1of each species.Mucor racemosus and Penicillium citrinum had high frequency and population with a frequency distribution above 10. The amounts of Scopulariopsis brevicaulis,A.nidulans and A.candidus exceeded 2.0×105colonies·g-1,belonging to the high population amount. Based on the results of the 6 spatial distribution indices and the Taylor power law test, the distribution of fungal population in fermentation beds had an aggregated distribution pattern. The results of population diversity index analy-sis for the 32 spatial samples showed that fungal population had obvious diversity, with aggregated and uneven distribution pattern in fermentation beds. Fungal population had higher richness, evenness and dominance in both 2-A and 3-D samples, which included species with higher frequency and population.This included M.racemosus,Cladosporium oxysporum and A. nidulans.However,fungal population had lower richness,evenness and dominance in both 1-A and 1-B samples that harbored more fungi with a frequency less than three times. This included A. candidus, S. brevicaulis and Geotrichum candidum. The analysis of the fungal population niche characteristics showed no positive correlation between niche breadth and overlap of the fungi. M. racemosus and C. oxysporum were the widest adaptability species, with ecological width of 7.60 and 5.18, respec-tively.However,the six fungal species(A.candidus,A.chevalieri,A.terreus,S.brevicaulis,F.equiseti and Chaetomium sp.) were the narrow adaptability species, with ecological width range of 1.00–1.10. For niche overlap, M. racemosus overlapped with 12 species,but C.oxysporum overlapped with only two species.In conclusion,fungal population had obvious community diversity in microbial fermentation bed system for pig rearing. The spatial distribution characteristics of fungi had aggregation and uneven distribution pattern. M. racemosus and C. oxysporum were the dominant species, with a wide distribution and strong adaptability.关键词
微生物发酵床/真菌/空间分布特性/多样性指数/生态位特征Key words
Microbial fermentation bed/Fungi/Spatial distribution characteristics/Diversity index/Niche characteristics分类
生物科学引用本文复制引用
肖荣凤,刘波,朱育菁,阮传清,刘国红,王阶平..养猪微生物发酵床真菌空间分布特性研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2018,26(4):493-504,12.基金项目
农业部948计划项目(2016-X21)和福建省农业科学院科技创新团队PI建设项目(2016PI-43)资助 This study was supported by the 948 Project of Ministry of Agriculture of China (2016-X21) and the Scientific and Technological Innovation Team PI Construction Project of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences (2016PI-43). （2016-X21）
