作物学报2018，Vol.44Issue(4)：554-568,15.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2018.00554
干湿交替灌溉对水稻花后同化物转运和籽粒灌浆的影响
Effect of Alternate Wetting and Drying Irrigation on Post-anthesis Remobiliza-tion of Assimilates and Grain Filling of Rice
摘要
Abstract
Alternate wetting and drying irrigation (AWD) has been widely adopted in rice production for saving water and in-creasing water use efficiency. However, there is limited information about how AWD affects post-anthesis remobilization of as-similates and grain filling.To elucidate this issue,we planted three rice cultivars,including Yangliangyou 6(indica hybrid),Wu-yunjing 24(japonica)and Hanyou 8(japonica)in the field.With treatments of conventional irrigation(CI),alternate wetting and moderate soil drying irrigation (WMD) and alternate wetting and severe soil drying irrigation (WSD) from 10 days after trans-planting to maturity. Grain yield and its components, grain filling of superior and inferior spikelets, changes in activities of the key enzymes involved in the conversion from sucrose to starch in grains, photosynthetic traits of flag leaf, the remobilization of non-structural carbohydrates in stems (culms and sheaths) and changes in starch hydrolytic enzymes in stems were investigated and isotope 13C was applied to trace redistribution of stem reserves. WMD significantly increased number of spikelets per panicle, 1000-grain weight, percentage of filled grains and grain yield of all the tested cultivars as compared with CI. Increases in 1000-grain weight and percentage of filled grains under WMD were mainly due to the enhancement of grain filling in inferior spikelets. Both WMD and WSD significantly enhanced the activities of α-amylase and β-amylase in stems and promoted translocation and redistribution of stem reserves, and increased the contribution of reserved carbohydrates in stems to grain yield. Moreover, WMD strengthened photosynthetic efficiency of flag leaf and enhanced the activities of the key enzymes involved in the conversion from sucrose to starch in inferior spikelets, whereas WSD exhibited the opposite effects. The results suggest that better leaf performance and higher activities of starch hydrolytic enzymes in stems, more remobilization of assimilates from stems to grains, and stronger activities of the key enzymes involved in sugar metabolism in inferior spikelets under the WMD are im-portant physiological reasons for the enhancement of grain-filling in inferior spikelets of rice.关键词
水稻/干湿交替灌溉/籽粒灌浆/13C同位素示踪/强势粒/弱势粒/茎鞘物质运转Key words
rice/alternate wetting and drying irrigation/grain filling/tracer of isotope 13C/superior spikelets/inferior spikelets/remobilization of reserves in stems引用本文复制引用
徐云姬,许阳东,李银银,钱希旸,王志琴,杨建昌..干湿交替灌溉对水稻花后同化物转运和籽粒灌浆的影响[J].作物学报,2018,44(4):554-568,15.基金项目
本研究由国家自然科学基金项目(31461143015,31471438),国家科技支撑计划项目(2014AA10A605),国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0300206-4),江苏高校优势学科建设工程项目(PAPD)和扬州大学高端人才支持计划项目(2015-1)资助.This study was supported by the grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31461143015,31471438),the National Key Technology Support Program of China(2014AA10A605),the National Key Research and Development Support Program of China(2016YFD0300206-4),the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD),and the Top Talent Supporting Program of Yangzhou University(2015-01). （31461143015,31471438）
