生态学报2018，Vol.38Issue(6)：1920-1929,10.DOI:10.5846/stxb201701170140
极端降水条件下延河水沙特征对比分析及其影响因素
Comparative analysis of flow and sediment characteristics of the Yanhe River under extreme rainfall conditions and research on influence factors
摘要
Abstract
To explore flow and sediment characteristics under extreme rainfall conditions before and after erosion and torrent control works in the Yanhe River basin,we used statistical methods to analyze flow and sediment characteristics under extreme rainfall conditions in July 1977 and 2013,including daily rainfall and precipitation at different times at 30 weather stations,flow and sediment discharge at two hydrologic stations,and grain composition at the Ganguyi station.The results showed that extreme rainfall in July 1977 had the characteristics of high average rainfall intensity and peak rainfall,and uneven spatial distribution of rainfall intensity.Extreme rainfall in July 2013 had the characteristics of high total precipitation and hourly rainfall intensity,high rainstorm frequency and relatively uniform spatial distribution of rainfall intensity.Precipitation in July 2013 was approximately twice as high as precipitation in July 1977;however,flood peak flow,total runoff and sediment concentration in July 2013 were significantly decreased compared with July 1977,and there was a significant decrease in sediment discharge corresponding to the decrease in runoff.Flooding in July 1977 was characterized by a steep rise and fall of water and a short flood duration;in contrast,flooding in July 2013 was characterized by a slow rise and fall of water and a significantly longer flood duration.Compared with 1977,there was a decrease in the total flood runoff in July 2013,and the proportions of runoff before and after the peak decreased and increased,respectively.Compared with 1977,sand grain size was clearly smaller in 2013;Furthermore,the weight of sediment with smaller size had increased,whereas the weight of sediment with larger size had decreased.This study reveals that a series of high-level erosion and torrent control works,such as returning farmland to forest (grass) engineering,has changed the underlying surface conditions in the Yanhe River basin since the 1990s,which contributed to changes in rainfall and sediment characteristics under extreme rainfall conditions between July 1977 and 2013.The findings of this study provide a reliable theoretical basis for measures to control flooding caused by extreme rainstorms and for prevention of water loss and soil erosion.关键词
极端降水/水沙特征/水土保持/延河流域Key words
extreme rainfall/flow and sediment characteristics/soil and water conservation/Yanhe River basin引用本文复制引用
陈瑞东,温永福,高鹏,穆兴民,赵广举,孙文义..极端降水条件下延河水沙特征对比分析及其影响因素[J].生态学报,2018,38(6):1920-1929,10.基金项目
国家重点研发计划专题计划(2016YFC0501707) （2016YFC0501707）
水利公益性行业科研专项(201501049) （201501049）
科技基础工作专项(2014FY210100) （2014FY210100）
