生态学报2018，Vol.38Issue(7)：2512-2522,11.DOI:10.5846/stxb201704130664
不同视角下基于InVEST模型的流域生态补偿标准核算——以渭河甘肃段为例
Standard of payment for ecosystem services in a watershed based on InVEST model under different standpoints: a case study of the Weihe River in Gansu Province
摘要
Abstract
Standard of payment is the core content of a payment for ecosystem services (PES) project.Considering the conversion of farmland to a variety of forestlands,based on the definition of the PES standard range,we calculated the increments of ecosystem services in the Weihe River Basin in Gansu Province with the InVEST model and the weighted method,using the land use,meteorological,soil,socioeconomic,and questionnaire survey data,to improve operability of the payment standard.The difference between forestland and farmland in ecosystem services was used to characterize the main increments of ecosystem services of water yield,sediment retention,and water purification.The number of ecosystem services for forestland came from the weighted sum of weights (the ratio of each kind of converted forest area accounted for the total conversion area) and the number of ecosystem services per unit area of corresponding forest.Additionally,setting the increased value of ecosystem services as the payment upper limit and taking the opportunity cost of participators as the lower limit,the differentiated PES standard of returning farmland to forest in 15°-25° and above 25° sloping farmland were studied from the standpoint of a new round of national policy oriented towards returning farmland to forest.Furthermore,from the standpoint of fair distribution of benefits,the differentiated PES standard in different net income regions,coupled with opportunity cost input and ecosystem services output,were explored.The results showed that the PES standard of returning farmland to forest was range from 146.39 ×104 Yuan km-2 a-1 to 481.98× 104Yuan km-2 a-1 in the Weihe River Basin of Gansu Province.With returning farmland to forest,the annual value of water yield would increase by 1.49× 104Yuan/km2;the annual value of sediment retention would increase by 479.55× 104Yuan/km2;and the annual value of water purification would increase by 0.94×104Yuan/km2.Secondly,the results showed that the areas in sloping farmland (15°-25°),which were the upstream faces of important drinking water sources in first-level protected and reserved areas,accounted for approximately 10％ of the sloping farmland.If all above-mentioned areas in sloping farmland (15°-25°)changed to the forestland,PES funds of 13.95× 108 Yuan to 33.55 × 108Yuan would be needed.For those above 25°,PES funds ranging 12.96× 108Yuan to 28.35× 108Yuan would be needed.For the areas in sloping farmland (15°-25°),the increased annual values of water yield,sediment retention,and water purification were 13.35 × 104,337.42× 104,and 0.81×104Yuan/km2,respectively.Values for the areas above 25° were 15.99× 104,302.90× 104,and 0.76× 104Yuan/km2,respectively.The ranges of PES for the areas in sloping farmland (15°-25° and above 25°) were 146.39×104 to 351.58×104Yuan km-2 a-1 and 146.39× 104 to 319.65× 104Yuan km-2 a-1.Finally,compared with other districts,the maximum net income of returning farmland to forest appeared in the Maiji district,and the minimum was represented in the Longxi district.Their ranges of PES were 202.23× 104 to 727.92× 104Yuan km-2 a-1 and 96.99× 104 to 136.53× 104Yuan km-2 a-1,respectively.关键词
流域生态补偿/InVEST模型/机会成本/新增生态服务价值/退耕还林Key words
watershed PES/InVEST model/opportunity cost/increments of ecosystem services value/returning farmland to forest引用本文复制引用
吴娜,宋晓谕,康文慧,邓晓红,胡想全,石培基,刘玉卿..不同视角下基于InVEST模型的流域生态补偿标准核算——以渭河甘肃段为例[J].生态学报,2018,38(7):2512-2522,11.基金项目
国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(41401645,41501567) （41401645,41501567）
国家自然科学基金项目(41771130) （41771130）
甘肃省水利厅水资源费项目(甘水资源发[2016]39号) （甘水资源发[2016]39号）
