海洋科学2017，Vol.41Issue(12)：127-138,12.DOI:10.11759/hykx20170821003
深海大洋最小含氧带(OMZ)及其生态环境效应
The oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) and its eco-environmen-tal effects in ocean
摘要
Abstract
Oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) are the O2-deficient layers in the ocean water column that develops between 200 and 1000 m below the sea level. The development of the OMZ in oceans is mainly related to the con-sumption of oxygen by aerobic bacteria degrading dead organisms descending through the water column from the above oxygenated ocean layer. There is no currently agreed upon threshold in oxygen that defines an OMZ. If the threshold were chosen as 20 μmol/L, all OMZs surface account for 8% of the present global ocean surface and a mean volume of OMZs account for 7% of the ocean volume. The main regions of OMZ are in the Eastern North Pacific, Eastern South Pacific, Arabian Sea, and Bay of Bengal. In addition, OMZs have been mainly known to play an essential role in the global nitrogen cycle in which various chemical species, according to their degree of oxida-tion (e.g., ammonium, NH4+; nitrite, NO2; nitrate, NO3; nitrous oxide, N2O; dinitrogen, N2), and different bacterial processes intervene. Under oxic conditions and at the upper boundary (oxycline) of an OMZ, nitrification trans-forms NH4+ into NO3–. However, the core of OMZs is especially associated with denitrification and anaerobic am-monium oxidation (anammox) that can convert NO3–, NH4+, NO2– into gaseous nitrogen (Ngas, for example, N2O, N2) that is lost to the atmosphere and contributes to the oceanic nitrate deficit. The OMZ affects the abundance, distri-bution, and diversity of plankton and affects the survival and migration of organisms. However, the low oxygen zone does not mean the lack of living organisms. At the same time, the oxygen deficiency in OMZ enhances the preservation of organic matter in sediments and affects the migration and transformation of elements, such as Fe, Mn, and S, that are most sensitive to the redox environment. Although the OMZ has been recognized the important role in the global material cycle and the biological evolution in the ocean ecosystem and extreme environmental conditions, there are still many questions to understand the ocean OMZ. Consequently, further research is needed.关键词
最小含氧带(Oxygenminimumzone,OMZ)/分布与成因/生态环境效应/大洋Key words
oxygen minimum zones (OMZs)/distribution and formation/eco-environmental effects/ocean分类
海洋科学引用本文复制引用
李学刚,宋金明,袁华茂,李宁,段丽琴,王启栋..深海大洋最小含氧带(OMZ)及其生态环境效应[J].海洋科学,2017,41(12):127-138,12.基金项目
青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室鳌山科技创新计划项目(2016ASKJ14) （2016ASKJ14）
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA11030202) （XDA11030202）
科技基础资源调查专项(2017FY100802) Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Tech-nology(the Preliminary Deep Sea Research)(2016ASKJ14) （2017FY100802）
Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,No.XDA11030202] （）
Science&Technology Basic Resources Investigation Program of China(2017TY100802) （2017TY100802）
