水利学报2018，Vol.49Issue(4)：512-522,11.DOI:10.13243/j.cnki.slxb.20171067
异齿裂腹鱼通过鱼道内流速障碍能力及行为
Assessing the swimming ability and performance of Schizothorax oconnori to cross velocity barriers in fishway
摘要
Abstract
The ability of fish to cross velocity barriers plays an important role in the design process of a fishway.Various swimming speed indicators and behaviors of fishes were mainly determined by tests conducted in closed swim chambers,where current conditions and fish performance are different from that of fishways.Therefore,it is necessary to explore a new experimental protocol of which the experimental channel has similar flow field with fishway to study the swimming ability.Firstly,the critical swimming speed (101.01±20.86cm/s) and the burst swimming speed (196.94±21.80cm/s) of fish were acquired in swim chambers by velocity increment tests.Secondly,based on the critical swimming speed of fish and the designed flow speed at vertical slot of Zangmu Hydropower Station's fishway (110.00cm/s),an experimental channel with vertical slots for testing volitional swimming ability of fish was built by setting different trapezoid barriers in the channel.After this,the swimming tests of Schizothorax oconnori to cross water velocity barriers were carried out with two different barrier layouts.For one layout,the channel has four steps in two gradients (the flow speed in velocity barrier of condition 1 was 101.55±14.87 cm/s,while condition 2 was 114.63±24.28 cm/s),for the other layout,the channel has only one step (the flow speed in the 160 cm long velocity barrier of condition 3 was 137.45±17.63 cm/s).The fish in condition 1 has a success rate of 82.05％ to cross four step barrier while it was 84.62％ in condition 2;it costs fish 0.52±0.34s in condition 1 and condition 2 to swim continuously to cross the slot which has flow speed greater than critical swimming speed;93.33 ％ fish in condition 3 cross the single step barrier successfully in a swimming speed of 209.43±21.76 cm/s;the swimming speeds(214.01±30.64 cm/s)in all three conditions were not significantly different from burst swimming speed of fish (P＞0.05).The swimming trajectories of fish and the corresponding flow field show that the time cost and path length for fish to swim upstream is closely related to the path fish choose.Fish reduce its time cost and path length to swim upstream by taking advantage of flow which is in the same direction with fish movement.This method and result of this research could provide reference for fishway design,modification and evaluation.关键词
异齿裂腹鱼/鱼道/通过流速障碍能力/自主上溯游泳行为/游泳轨迹/速度矢量Key words
Schizothorax oconnori/fishway/the ability to cross velocity barriers/the volitional swimming performance/the swimming trajectories/water velocity vectors分类
建筑与水利引用本文复制引用
金志军,马卫忠,张袁宁,陈明曦,谭均军,石小涛..异齿裂腹鱼通过鱼道内流速障碍能力及行为[J].水利学报,2018,49(4):512-522,11.基金项目
国家自然科学基金项目(51579136,51709152) （51579136,51709152）
中国电力建设股份有限公司科技项目(DJ-ZDXM-2014-04) （DJ-ZDXM-2014-04）
湖北省高等学校优秀中青年科技创新团队计划鱼类过坝技术项目(T201703) （T201703）
三峡大学硕士学位论文培优基金项目(2017YPY002) （2017YPY002）
