中国生态农业学报2018，Vol.26Issue(5)：668-676,9.DOI:10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.170416
滴灌水肥一体化条件下施氮量对夏玉米氮素吸收利用及土壤硝态氮含量的影响
Effects of nitrogen application rate on nitrogen absorption and utilization in summer maize and soil NO3--N content under drip fertigation
摘要
Abstract
Inappropriate management of fertilizers is common in high-yield summer maize cultivation regions in the piedmont plain of Taihang Mountain, Hebei Province. Fertilizers overuse results not only in serious waste, but also in agricultural non-point source pollution. This study focused on appropriate nitrogen application to support high yield of summer maize under water-fertilizer inte-gration condition. Using 'Zhengdan-958' as the test maize cultivar, four nitrogen rates (N0: no fertilizer; N1: 120 kg·hm-2; N2: 240 kg·hm-2; N3: 360 kg·hm-2of nitrogen) were set up in 2014–2015 summer maize cultivation seasons under drip fertigation condition. The effects of different nitrogen application rates on the uptake and utilization of nitrogen in summer maize and on nitrate nitrogen content in soil were determined. The results showed that while dry matter weight and yield of maize under N0 treatment significantly decreased, there were no significant differences among N1, N2 and N3 treatments. Nitrogen content and accumulation in maize under N1 treatment significantly increased compared with that under N0 treatment. In the range of N1–N3, nitrogen content and accumula-tion differed among different years, which increased with increasing nitrogen application rate. However, nitrogen accumulation rate decreased gradually with increasing in nitrogen application rate. Nitrogen harvest index was the highest under N2 treatment among all treatments. Nitrogen recovery efficiency, nitrogen agronomic efficiency, nitrogen productive efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency decreased significantly with increasing nitrogen application rate. In 2014, nitrate nitrogen content under all nitrogen treatments decreased gradually in the 0–100 cm soil layer. In 2015, nitrate nitrogen content in N2 and N3 treatments reached cumulative peak in the 80–100 cm soil layers. This was related to increasing nitrate nitrogen leaching in the soil, which reach down to the 100 cm soil layer when nitro-gen rate exceeded 240 kg·hm-2during the two years of maize cultivation. Based on the relation between N application rate and yield fitted by one variable quadratic equation, the highest maize yield needed nitrogen application rate in the range of 199–209 kg·hm–2and economic nitrogen application rate in the range of 174–187 kg·hm–2. Considering the ecological environment and economic benefits, the economic nitrogen application rate was the optimal mode for summer maize under drip irrigation condition.关键词
滴灌水肥一体化/夏玉米/施氮量/氮素吸收利用/土壤硝态氮Key words
Drip fertigation/Summer maize/Nitrogen application rate/Nitrogen uptake/Soil nitrate nitrogen分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
郭丽,史建硕,王丽英,李若楠,任燕利,张彦才..滴灌水肥一体化条件下施氮量对夏玉米氮素吸收利用及土壤硝态氮含量的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2018,26(5):668-676,9.基金项目
农业部公益性农业(行业)科研专项(201303133)和国家重点研发计划专项(2016YFD0200401)资助 This study was supported by the Special Fund for Agro-Scientific Research in the Public Interest of China(201303133)and the National Key Technology R&D Program of China(2016YFD0200401). （行业）
