中国生态农业学报2018，Vol.26Issue(5)：771-779,9.DOI:10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.170781
农业文化遗产中传统知识的概念与保护——以普洱古茶园与茶文化系统为例
Concept and protection of traditional knowledges in agricultural heritage system: A case study of Pu'er Traditional Tea Agrosystem
摘要
Abstract
Agricultural heritage systems are strongly supported by traditional knowledge, which is the experience and wisdom that local residents have accumulated during their long-term adaptation to the natural environment. By acting as structural existence in agricultural heritage systems, traditional knowledge has existed in every aspect of the lives of local residents. Thus, it plays an im-portant and necessary role in the conservation of agricultural heritage systems. In this study, we intended to define the concept of traditional knowledge from international laws and theories. According to specific characteristics of agricultural heritage, traditional knowledge is a pact of knowledge, innovation and practice that had been accumulated in long-term agricultural production and daily lives of residents in agricultural heritage systems. It is closely related to livelihood maintenance, resource management, biodiversity conservation, spiritual belief and many other aspects. It contains traditional knowledge of livelihood maintenance, biodiversity con-servation, traditional skills, folklore as well as natural resource management. Furthermore, we defined each category of traditional knowledge separately, with examples, especially the Pu'er Traditional Tea Agrosystem. We analyzed the relationship between tradi-tional knowledge and agricultural heritage system. There were 269 pieces of traditional knowledge in the system and the unique combinations of these pieces with natural, social and cultural conditions constituted a profound connotation of Pu'er Traditional Tea Agrosystem, making it a Globally Important Agricultural Heritage System (GIAHS) site. Besides, traditional knowledge had a posi-tive impact on agricultural heritage systems in many aspects, including maintainability, enrichment of cultural values and protection of ecological environment. We also analyzed the existing problems with the protection of traditional knowledge. In Pu'er Traditional Tea Agrosystem, the physical carrier of traditional knowledge had been damaged and the transmission of traditional knowledge was now in a great crisis. Meanwhile, tourism and foreign cultures had a negative impact on traditional knowledge in agricultural heritage systems. The protection of it lacked effective measures. To conserve traditional knowledge in agricultural heritage systems, local residents were required to enhance awareness on the protection of traditional knowledge. Local government needed to integrate the protection of traditional knowledge into agricultural heritage systems conservation. There was also the need for increased investiga-tion, collation and classification researches on traditional knowledge in agricultural heritage systems for effective protection that was in accordance with actual on-ground conditions. Inheritance of traditional knowledge needed strengthening so that the process of gradual loss of the knowledge systems could be slowed down. Existing institutions needed to be mobilized to protect traditional knowledge in agricultural heritage systems. Through these conservation actions, we could protect traditional knowledge and agricul-tural heritage systems while at the same time develop our own agricultural heritage systems for generations yet to come.关键词
传统知识/传统知识保护/农业文化遗产/普洱古茶园与茶文化系统Key words
Traditional knowledge/Traditional knowledge protection/Agricultural heritage system/Pu'er Traditional Tea Ag-rosystem分类
经济学引用本文复制引用
马楠,闵庆文,袁正..农业文化遗产中传统知识的概念与保护——以普洱古茶园与茶文化系统为例[J].中国生态农业学报,2018,26(5):771-779,9.基金项目
国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0506400)和农业部国际交流与合作项目"2017年中国的全球重要农业文化遗产保护技术支撑"资助 This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFC0506400)and International Exchange and Cooperation Project of Ministry of Agriculture of China“Technical Support of Conservation of Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems(GIAHS)in 2017”. （2017YFC0506400）
