土壤2018，Vol.50Issue(2)：291-297,7.DOI:10.13758/j.cnki.tr.2018.02.010
冬油菜与杂草对长期不同施肥的差异性适应
Different Adaptations of Winter Rapes and Weeds Responding to Long-term Balanced Fertilization
摘要
Abstract
In order to provide a scientific basis for simplified cultivation of rapeseed in the Yangtze River Basin, a long-term (2011—2016) field experiment was carried out in Jianghan Plain to study the effects of different fertilization models on rapes, weeds, soil nutrients, and the spatial distribution of winter rapes-weeds in a rotation system of rice-winter rape. Through field investigation and lab analysis, the data of weed communities and of nutrient status in rape-weed-soil system were obtained during the rape harvest season in 2016. The results showed that soil nutrient deficit significantly affected the growth and spatial distribution of both rapes and weeds, and could influence the formation of different weed communities. However, balanced fertilization obviously increased the thickness of rape roots, the numbers of branch and pod as well as the final yield, and also reduced weed biomass and increased Shannon index. Compared with NPK treatment, separate –N, –P and –K treatments reduced nutrient uptake of rape grain, stem and shell as well as weeds to different degrees, especially for –P treatment. Long-term fertilization deficits reduced soil N, P and K contents compared to the initial values, especially for K. The existing balanced fertilization measures were not sufficient to offset K deficiency, indicating the importance of returning straw K to field. Overall, long-term scientific nutrient management and regulation can not only reduce damage from weeds, strengthen biodiversity of rape, form a favorable competitive environment for rape, but also can reduce pesticide use and promote simplified cultivation of rape in South China.关键词
平衡施肥/冬油菜/杂草群落/土壤/养分吸收/生态防控Key words
Balanced fertilization/Winter rape/Weed communities/Soil status/Nutrient uptake/Ecological control分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
唐静,黄菲,李继福,肖克,邹家龙,朱建强,秦亚平..冬油菜与杂草对长期不同施肥的差异性适应[J].土壤,2018,50(2):291-297,7.基金项目
湿地生态与农业利用教育部工程研究中心开放基金项目(KF201613),国家重点研发计划专项(2016YFD0300907)和长江大学大学生创新创业项目(2016154)资助. （KF201613）
