水土保持学报2018，Vol.32Issue(2)：229-236,245,9.DOI:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2018.02.034
基于稻田控水减排的氮肥运筹试验研究
Experimental Research on Nitrogen Management Based on Emission Controlling for Paddy Field
摘要
Abstract
In order to improve paddy water and fertilizer management measures in Jianghan Plain,a field plot experiment with two irrigation regimes (conventional flooding irrigation,CF;shallow irrigation and deep storage,SIDS) and three nitrogen (N) managements (farmers' fertilization practice,FFP;30％ urea+70％ controlled release compound fertilizer,30％N+ 70％CRF;optimized and reduced nitrogen fertilizer application,OPT-N) was carried out to study the effects of water and fertilizer managements on losses of N and phosphorus (P),nutrition uptake of rice and nutrition accumulation of soil during different growth stages.The results were:(1) Compared with CF,SIDS reduced the irrigation quantity,total water use,runoff and leakage by 41.7％,18.5％,45.8％ and 21.9％,respectively,but increased rainfall use efficiency by 16.2％.The amounts of total N (TN) from runoff and leakage in SIDS were 32.6％～35.9％ and 22.8％～32.0％ respectively lower than in CF.SIDS also decreased the amounts of total P (TP) from runoff and leakage by 36.4％ ～ 53.1％ and 16.2 ％ ～33.3 ％,respectively.Meanwhile,the paddy runoff and leaching losses of TN and TP from re-greening to jointing and booting stages accounted for more than 70 ％ of the whole growing season.(2) Compared with FFP,30％N+70％ CRF and OPT-N decreased runoff of TN by 19.7％～29.2％ and 15.1％～25.2％,leaching losses of TN by 25.4％～51.7％ and 20.9％～26.4％,leaching losses of TP by 18.4％～24.5％ and 20.4％～31.6％,respectively,but no obvious difference was found in runoff of TP.(3) Considering the nutrients uptake of rice and nutrition accumulation in soil,compared with FFP,SIDS increased yield by 4.4％,but had no significant effects on N and P accumulation in soil (0-40 cm depth).Compared with FFP,30％N+70％ and OPT-N improved 5.6％ and 0.4％ yields respectively,and also giving the high and stable available N and available P in soil (0-20 cm depth).In generally,the combination of SIDS and 30％N+70％ CRF could be effective in saving water,reducing N and P losses,promoting rice yields and improving soil fertility.关键词
水肥管理/氮磷流失/径流/渗漏/产量Key words
water and fertilizer management/nitrogen and phosphorus losses/runoff/leakage/yield分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
晏军,吴启侠,朱建强,张露萍,李继福..基于稻田控水减排的氮肥运筹试验研究[J].水土保持学报,2018,32(2):229-236,245,9.基金项目
国家重点研发计划重点专项(2016YFD0800500) （2016YFD0800500）
长江大学青年基金项目(2016cqn38) （2016cqn38）
湖北省科技支撑计划项目(2014BCB038) （2014BCB038）
