作物学报2018，Vol.44Issue(5)：737-749,13.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2018.00737
不同氮效率玉米品种对土壤硝态氮时空分布及农田氮素平衡的影响
Effects of Maize Varieties with Different Nitrogen Efficiencies on Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Soil Nitrate and Field Nitrogen Balance
摘要
Abstract
Studying effects caused by maize varieties with different nitrogen efficiencies on nitrate content in soil and nitrogen balance in filed is quite important for excavating high nitrogen efficiency biological potential of maize varieties, coordinating nitrate supply with plant requirement, and improving the nitrogen utilization efficiency. In this study, high nitrogen efficiency maize varieties ZD958, JS27 and low nitrogen efficiency maize varieties MN2133, ND314, and SD19 were separately used to systematically study the effects on nitrate spatial and temporal distribution in soil and nitrogen balance, as well as relationship between plant nitrogen uptake and soil nitrate accumulation. Compared with low nitrogen efficiency maize varieties, the high nitrogen efficiency varieties had higher yield, higher nitrogen absorption and use efficiency in all the nitrogen treatments (0, 300, and 450 kg ha-1). According to the correlation analysis, significant negative correlation was shown between the plant nitrogen accumulation and nitrate accumulation in soil. The temporal and the spatial distribution of nitrate in soil were also analyzed, showing that the soil layer with maximum nitrate content moved toward lower gradually in the process of maize growth. The move rate of the soil layer was independent of maize varieties, but largely correlated with the precipitation. However, after silking stage the nitrate content in 60-100 centimeter layer of soil was significantly lower in high nitrogen efficiency varieties than in low nitrogen efficiency varieties. After harvest, the nitrate residual in soil was significantly higher in low nitrogen efficiency varieties compared with high nitrogen efficiency varieties. Moreover, the nitrate residual amount was largely increased with increasing nitrate application. In the aspect of nitrate balance, the nitrogen efficiency of maize significantly affected filed nitrate residue and apparent lost. The apparent nitrate lost in field in low nitrogen efficiency varieties was 2.2 (300 kg ha-1) and 1.5 times (450 kg ha-1) as high as that in high nitrogen efficiency varieties, and had much more difference among different years. Therefore, different nitrogen efficiency varieties affected N-balance in filed via nitrate absorption. Choosing high nitrogen efficiency varieties can decrease nitrate content in soil, apparent lost in field, and nitrogen leaching risk, which is an effective way to improve nitrogen utilization efficiency.关键词
玉米/品种/氮效率/土壤硝态氮/农田氮素表观平衡Key words
maize/variety/nitrogen efficiency/soil nitrate/field nitrogen apparent balance引用本文复制引用
屈佳伟,高聚林,于晓芳,王志刚,胡树平,孙继颖,苏治军,谢岷,青格尔..不同氮效率玉米品种对土壤硝态氮时空分布及农田氮素平衡的影响[J].作物学报,2018,44(5):737-749,13.基金项目
本研究由国家自然科学基金项目(31260300),国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAD07B04),国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-02-63),华北黄土高原地区作物栽培科学观测实验站(25204120)和国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0300800)资助.This study was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(31260300),the National Science and Technology Project of Food Production of China(2013BAD07B04),the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-02-63),the Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation Scientific Observation in North China Loess Plateau(25204120),and the National Key Research and Development Project(2017YFD0300800). （31260300）
