植物营养与肥料学报2018，Vol.24Issue(2)：306-315,10.DOI:10.11674/zwyf.17199
吉林春玉米氮磷钾养分需求与利用效率研究
N, P and K requirement and fertilizer use efficiencies of spring maize in Jilin Province
摘要
Abstract
[Objectives] The N,P and K requirement and fertilizer use efficiencies of spring maize in Jilin Province were calculated,aiming to provide reference for reasonable and effective nutrient management.[Methods] Data were collected from 680 "3414" field experiments,which were supported by the project of soil test and fertilizer recommendation in Jilin Province from 2005 to 2013.The five treatments,i.e.N0P0K0,N0P2K2,N2P0K2,N2P2K2 and N2P2K0,were chosen to investigate the effects of N,P and K fertilization on maize yields,nutrient uptakes and their relationships with soil indigenous nutrient supply,and further to evaluate N,P and K requirement and fertilizer use efficiencies of spring maize in Jilin province.[Results] Application of N,P and K fertilizers increased maize yields and nutrient uptakes significantly.The highest yield level of 9.6 t/hm2 was observed in the NPK treatment,which was 42.5％ higher than that in the N0P0K0 treatment.The highest nutrient uptakes of N 190.8 kg/hm2,P2O5 87.0 kg/hm2 and K2O 215.1 kg/hm2 were also found in the NPK treatment,which were 57.5％,64.2％ and 49.5％ higher than those in the N0P0K0 treatment,respectively.On the basis of full supply of other nutrients,the average increases in nutrient uptakes from N,P and K fertilizers were N 57.2 kg/hm2 (42.9％),P2O5 19.2 kg/hm2 (28.4％) and K2O 32.1 kg/hm2 (17.5％),respectively.Across all the experiments,maize yields and nutrient uptakes of N,P and K showed significant upward trends with the increase of soil indigenous nutrient supply,which were reflected by the nutrient uptakes in maize plants of nutrient omission treatments,and all the relationships could be fitted with logarithmic function models.Production of 100 kg of grain need N 1.98 kg,P2O5 0.90 kg and K2O 2.24 kg,in ratio of 1 ∶ 0.45 ∶ 1.13.Nutrient deficiency reduced nutrient requirement of maize plants and expanded its variability across experiments.In the present spring maize production of Jilin Province,the average nutrient recovery efficiencies of N,P,and K fertilizers were 33.7％,27.5％,and 45.3％,respectively,and the average physiological efficiencies were 28.8,52.8,and 28.3 kg/kg,respectively.[Conclusions] The maize production in Jilin highly relies on fertilizer nutrient supply,therefore,balanced and high level fertilization has to be kept.关键词
春玉米/氮素/磷素/钾素/养分需求/肥料利用率Key words
spring maize/nitrogen/phosphorus/potassium/nutrient requirements/fertilizer use efficiency引用本文复制引用
王寅,高强,冯国忠,焉莉,李翠兰,宋立新,刘振刚,房杰..吉林春玉米氮磷钾养分需求与利用效率研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2018,24(2):306-315,10.基金项目
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0200101) （2016YFD0200101）
国家现代农业玉米产业技术体系项目(CARS-02)资助. （CARS-02）
