动物营养学报2018，Vol.30Issue(5)：1936-1949,14.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2018.05.038
棉籽粕膨化前后品质变化及对生长育肥猪生长性能、血清生化指标及营养物质表观消化率的影响
Quality Changes of Cottonseed Meal Before and After Expansion and Their Effects on Growth Performance, Serum Biochemical Indices and Nutrient Apparent Digestibility of Growing-Finishing Pigs
摘要
Abstract
The aim of the experiment was to investigate the effects of wet extrusion on the content of nutrients and free gossypol in cotton meal(CM)and explore the effects of extruded cotton meal(ECM)on growth per-formance, serum biochemical indices and nutrient apparent digestibility of growing-finishing pigs. Firstly, Muyang 56×2 expanding machine and the early optimized processing parameters were used to expand the CM, and the content changes of nutrients and free gossypol in CM and ECM were measured. Then, CM and ECM were used as the main experiment materials, and eighty pigs(Duroc×Landrace×Large White)with the body weight of(28.78±3.09)kg were randomly allocated to 5 groups with 4 replicates each and 4 pigs in each rep-licate(half male and half female). Pigs in control group were fed an all corn-soybean meal basal diet, in ex-perimental group 1 were fed the basal diet supplemented with 5% CM to growing pigs and 10% CM to finish-ing pigs,and in experimental groups 2,3 and 4 were fed the basal diets supplemented with 5%,10% and 15%ECM to growing pigs and 10%, 15% and 20% ECM to finishing pigs, respectively. The metabolic energy, crude protein content and other nutrition levels in all diets were balanced. The experiment lasted for 13 weeks with 6 weeks of growing period and 7 weeks of finishing period. The results showed as follows: 1)extrusion on CM had no obvious effects on nutrient content, and the contents of total amino acids and essential amino acids in ECM were increased slightly, while the free gossypol content in ECM was decreased by 87.85%. 2) In the growing stage,compared to 5% CM,dietary 5% ECM increased the average daily feed intake and aver-age daily gain of pigs(P>0.05),significantly decreased the ratio of feed to gain(P<0.05),and significantly increased the apparent digestibility of crude protein, dry matter, ether extract and some amino acids(P<0.05). Compared with CM, the serum malondialdehyde(MDA)content was significantly reduced, and the serum total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC), superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px)activity were significantly improved after the pigs were fed the diets supplemented with ECM(P<0.05). The serum contents of immunoglobulin, triiodothyronine and tetraiodothyronine tended to be enhanced of growing pigs by feeding the ECM compared with CM. With the addition of ECM increasing, the growth performance and nutrient apparent digestibility of the growing pigs showed a decreasing trend,and there was no significant difference between 15% ECM group and common CM group(P>0.05). 3)During the finishing stage, there were no significant differences in the final average body weight,average daily weight gain and av-erage daily intake from the ECM groups to the control group and common CM group(P>0.05). However,the feed to gain ratio in experimental groups 1 and 3 was significantly lower than that in experimental group 1 dur-ing the whole stage(P<0.05). It can also significantly improve the antioxidant capacity and immunity of fin-ishing pigs fed the ECM compared with the CM, and with the addition of ECM increasing, the serum MDA content of finishing pig was significantly decreased(P<0.05), and the serum T-AOC, activities of SOD and GSH-Px were increased gradually(P<0.05). Compare with the control group, the apparent digestibility of crude protein and dry matter was significantly lower than that in experimental groups(P<0.05). The crude protein apparent digestibility in ECM groups was not significant different compared with experimental group 1 (P>0.05). The dry matter apparent digestibility in ECM groups was significantly higher than that in experi-mental group 1(P<0.05). The ether extract apparent digestibility in experimental groups 3 and 4 was signifi-cantly higher than that in the control group and experimental group 1(P<0.05). With the addition of ECM in-creasing, the ether extract apparent digestibility was increased gradually. The addition of a moderate amount of ECM can significantly improve the apparent digestibility of amino acids compared with CM(P<0.05). Thus, the effects of extruded puffing on the nutrient contents of CM is not obvious, but can significantly increase the free gossypol content in CM. Dietary ECM can improve the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, im-mune capacity and nutrient apparent digestibility of growing-finishing pigs, and it is suggested that the amount of ECM for the growing pig is about 15%, and for finishing pig is about 20%.关键词
膨化棉籽粕/生长猪/游离棉酚/生长性能/血清生化指标/表观消化率Key words
expanded cottonseed meal/growing-finishing pig/free gossypol/growth performance/serum bi-ochemical index/apparent digestibility分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
倪海球,孙杰,杨玉娟,于纪宾,马世峰,王昊,商方方,李军国..棉籽粕膨化前后品质变化及对生长育肥猪生长性能、血清生化指标及营养物质表观消化率的影响[J].动物营养学报,2018,30(5):1936-1949,14.基金项目
公益性行业(农业)科研专项(20120315) （农业）
现代农业产业技术体系北京市家禽创新团队项目 （）
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFF0201800) （2016YFF0201800）
