生态与农村环境学报2018，Vol.34Issue(4)：349-355,7.DOI:10.11934/j.issn.1673-4831.2018.04.008
减肥措施对稻田田面水氮、磷动态变化特征的影响
Effects of Dynamic Changes of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Concentrations in Surface Water of Paddy Field Under Different Fertilizer Rate
摘要
Abstract
Rice is broadly planted in China.Ammonia volatilization,nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) runoff and leakage have caused agricultural non-point source pollution and other issues due to excessive fertilization.The concentration of N and P in surface water during the flooding period is the key control factor.The dynamic characteristics of N and P in surface water of paddy field and their potential environmental impact were studied by field experiment with different P and N application.The results show that the concentration of total P (TP),total dissolved P (TDP) and particulate P (PP) all increased rapidly within 9 days after P application and then decreased.The concentrations of TP,TDP,and PP reached 0.76,0.71 and 0.03 mg · L-1 with 214 and 90 kg · hm-2 N and P application,respectively.Besides,the concentration of TP and TDP showed an obvious rise after the soil-drying period.The concentration of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate in all treatments reached to maximum in 2 and 5 days,respectively,after the application of basal fertilizer.The concentration of ammonium nitrogen with 214,182 and 162 kg · hm-2 of N application were 15.83,9.16 and 7.86 times of that in control treatment.N concentration decreased rapidly after 5 days and the differences between treatments became much smaller.In addition,increasing N and P application amount did not significantly increase the rice yield,but inversely,rice yield decreased with 214 and 90 kg · hm-2 of N and P application,respectively.Therefore,9 days after P application and the stage after rewetting were the key periods for controlling P losses through runoff in surface water from paddy field,while 5 days following N application is the vital period for controlling N losses.By considering both rice yield and fertilizer agronomic efficiency,it is feasible to reduce 25％ of N and P application.However,this should be further investigated for high yield consistency through field experiment.关键词
田面水/氮形态/磷形态/氮减量/磷减量Key words
surface water/nitrogen form/phosphorus form/reduction of nitrogen application rate/reduction of phosphorus application rate分类
资源环境引用本文复制引用
吕亚敏,吴玉红,李洪达,雷同,吕家珑..减肥措施对稻田田面水氮、磷动态变化特征的影响[J].生态与农村环境学报,2018,34(4):349-355,7.基金项目
陕西省科技统筹创新工程计划(2016KTZDNY03-01) （2016KTZDNY03-01）
陕西省水利科技项目(2016slkj-15) （2016slkj-15）
