中国生态农业学报2018，Vol.26Issue(6)：856-864,9.DOI:10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.170952
轮作绿肥对盐碱地土壤性质、后作青贮玉米产量及品质的影响
Effects of green manure rotation on soil properties and yield and quality of silage maize in saline-alkali soils
摘要
Abstract
Saline-alkali lands are widespread in Datong Basin, Shanxi Province. For years, little manure has been used to improve the saline-alkali soils in the region. The barren soil and harsh ecological environment have resulted in a very low production efficiency of agriculture. Green manure has not only been an important part of modern agriculture, but also been traditionally used in agriculture in China for improvement of soil quality. In order to explore the effects of plantation and incorporation of green manure in saline-alkali soil management, a field experiment was conducted to explore the effects of green manure crops in middle level saline-alkali lands on soil physic-chemical properties, maize silage yield and protein content. Soil water content, pH, EC, nitrogen, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium were analyzed. Six types of green manure (Vicia villosa Roth., Sesbania cannabina Poir.,Melilotus officinalis L.,Medicago sativa L.,Vicia sativa L.and Lolium perenne L.)were used in the study.Results showed that compared with the control (no green manure plantation), soil water content increased by 1.0%-6.2% during the middle and later growth periods of green manure, whereas soil pH and EC decreased by 0.03-0.43 mS·cm-1and 0.12-1.50 mS·cm-1, respectively. Incorporation of green manure led to the return of 15.6-195.4 kg(N)·hm-2, 5.3-58.8 kg(P2O5)·hm-2and 34.5-127.9 kg(K2O)·hm-2to soil. With overturning of green manure, soil organic matter, total nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium contents in the 0-20 cm soil layer increased by 0.42-1.86 g·kg-1, 0.05-0.34 g·kg-1, 0.5-32.3 mg·kg-1, 0.42-4.65 mg·kg-1and 3.8-26.1 mg·kg-1, respectively. The yield and protein content of silage maize increased by 1 294-19 391 kg·hm-2and 0.4-23.9 mg·g-1,respectively.Compared with L.perenne,V.villosa and M.suaveolens increased soil water content respectively by 1.2%-5.2% and 1.0%-5.0% during the middle and later growth periods, whereas decreased soil pH by 0.06-1.30 and 0.06-1.27 and EC by 0.08-0.51 mS·cm-1and 0.08-0.47 mS·cm-1,respectively.Overturning of V.villosa and M.suaveolens respectively returned 179.8 kg(N)·hm-2and 150.3 kg(N)·hm-2, 40.9 kg(P2O5)·hm-2and 36.2 kg(P2O5)·hm-2, and 65.0 kg(K2O)·hm-2and 93.4 kg(K2O) ·hm-2to the soil.The yield of silage maize increased respectively by 18 097 kg·hm-2and 14 903 kg·hm-2with overturning of V.villosa and M. suaveolens,and protein content increased respectively by 23.5 mg·g-1and 19.2 mg·g-1,compared with overturning of L.perenne.In general, the cultivation of legume green manures was better than graminaceous green manure (L. perenne) in decreasing soil pH, keeping soil water content, returning N, P2O5and K2O to soil and enhancing soil organic matter. Among the green manures used, V. villosa was the most effective,followed by M.suaveolens.In short,the approach of"planting and incorporating green manure and then rotation" was applicable in similar saline-alkali soil conditions. The planting and incorporation of green manure economically, effectively and environmentally improved medium saline lands, enhanced soil fertility and returned nutrient to soil.关键词
绿肥/盐碱地/土壤理化性状/青贮玉米/产量/品质Key words
Green manure/Saline-alkali soil/Soil physical and chemical property/Silage maize/Yield/Quality分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
郭耀东,程曼,赵秀峰,郝保平,张延芳,曹卫东,郑普山..轮作绿肥对盐碱地土壤性质、后作青贮玉米产量及品质的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2018,26(6):856-864,9.基金项目
公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201103005)、国家绿肥产业技术体系(CARS-22)和山西省农业科学院推广项目(2015CGZH016)资助 This study was supported by the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest of China(201103005),and China Agricul-ture Research System of Green Manure Industry(CARS-22)and the Promotion Project of Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences(2015CGZH016). （农业）
