心理学报2018，Vol.50Issue(5)：558-571,14.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1041.2018.00558
旁观者对集体行动的支持:目标合理性、行动策略及目标实现预期的作用
When will bystanders support collective actions? The roles of claim legitimacy, protest tactic and expectations of achieving goals
摘要
Abstract
shaping bystanders' endorsements. This paper contains three experiments conducted to examine our hypothesis that participants were presented in a news article describing an instance of social protest during these studies. The details of the news were different in each group. Study1 was a 2(claim legitimacy: high vs. low) × 2 (protest tactics: violent vs. non-violent) design. Study2 was a 2(claim legitimacy: high vs. low) × 2 (protest tactics: violent vs. non-violent) × 2(expectation of achieving goals: high vs. low) design. Participants were asked to indicate their perceptions of the claim legitimacy, their support for the protests and other questions. Study 3 followed the pattern of Study2, but the background event was different. Results of Study1 showed that protests with legitimate claims were more supported than those with illegitimate claims in contexts of non-violent tactics. Meanwhile, there was only marginal difference of endorsements between participants in high-legitimacy group and low-legitimacy group when collective actions were violent. Study2 showed that in context of violent tactics, participants' expectations of achieving goals could moderate the relation between claim legitimacy and their endorsements for collective actions. Participants' supports for violent actions were positively predicted by claim legitimacy when there were little possibilities to achieve goals. However, this effect didn't exist when possibilities of achieving goals were high. While in contexts of non-violent tactics, expectations of achieving goals did not affect participants' endorsements for collective action. Only the factor of claim legitimacy was effective. The results of sStudy3 revalidated the results of Study2. The conclusions of the research is as following. First, legitimacy of the claims is the primary factor affecting bystanders' support for collective action. Only when the protest's aims accord with moral standards of the public will it gain the endorsements of public. Second, the use of violent tactics could even reduce bystanders' endorsements of those protests with very legitimate claims. Violence may be seen as an action of alienation from the mainstream,which undermines the broader perceived legitimacy of a movement. Third, low possibility of achieving goals could inspire bystanders' endorsements of violent collective actions when the claims are legitimate. Bystanders will lower their hostilities toward violence when they expect it will be very hard to achieve legitimate claims.关键词
集体行动/旁观者/目标合理性/非暴力行动/暴力行动Key words
collective action/bystander/claim legitimacy/non-violent action/violent action分类
社会科学引用本文复制引用
殷融..旁观者对集体行动的支持:目标合理性、行动策略及目标实现预期的作用[J].心理学报,2018,50(5):558-571,14.基金项目
山东省社会科学规划项目16DJYJ04资助. （）
