中国水土保持科学2018，Vol.16Issue(2)：103-110,8.DOI:10.16843/j.sswc.2018.02.014
不同水土保持措施对石漠化区水土流失的影响
Effects of different soil and water conservation measures on soil and water loss from rocky desertification area
摘要
Abstract
[Background] Karst rocky desertification is a process of land degradation involving serious soil erosion,extensive exposure of basement rocks,drastic decrease in soil productivity,and the appearance of a desert-like landscape.The process is expanding rapidly,and it is daily reducing the living space of residents and is the root of disasters and poverty in the Karst areas of southwestern China.Although some profitable experience has been conducted,scientific evaluations and effective remedial actions have not been carried out.[Methods] These experiments were conducted in Guanmaidi small watershed of Zhanyi County,Yunnan Province,where rocky desertification was severely suffered.We compared the difference of runoff and sediment yield characteristics after taking different measures in 5 runoff plots under different vegetation arrangements (soil and water conservation forest,economic fruit forest,slope farmland(Pennisetum sp.),terracing farmland,and wild grassland).[Results] 1) Under the condition of the same rainfall,soil and water conservation measures played a key role in reducing soil erosion.The flow of rain at slope farmland was the most while soil and water conservation forest was the least.Under different soil and water conservation measures,the descending order of soil erosion was as wild grass land,slope farmland (Pennisetum sp.),terracing farmland,economic fruit forest,and soil and water conservation forest.The amount of soil erosion in the total erosion amount were 65.00％,56.13％,52.43％,50.35％ and 46.03％,respectively.2) The measures of soil and water conservation improved the soil environment to a better condition.In soil and water conservation forest,economic fruit forest,terracing farmland,and slope farmland,soil bulk density decreased while soil porosity increased and soil structure was improved.3) The measures of soil and water conservation also improved the nutrient content of rocky desertified soil.The effect of slope tillage measure on improving soil total nitrogen and total phosphorus content was the highest,then the second for soil and water conservation forest and economic fruit forest,and the lowest for wild grassland.Specifically,the content of soil total nitrogen of slope farmland,economic fruit forest,soil and water conservation forest,terracing farmland increased by 90.63％,74.48％,26.56％,22.4％,and the soil total phosphorus of them increased by 123.64％,96.36％,67.27％,16.64％ compared with wild grassland.[Conclusions] In our data,soil and water conservation forest acts the best role in combating rocky desertification in this area,and then followings are economic fruit forest,slope farmland,terracing farmland.Our result provided a case study on combating rocky desertification in Southwest China,and helped to explore and improve the management of soil and water conservation in Karst area.Further study should be considered to combine soil and water conservation measures with industrial crops,such as using fruit tree forests or timber forests to combat rocky desertification in this area.Moreover,quantitative analysis of the pattern,process and evolutional mechanism of Karst rocky desertification will be the trend.关键词
石漠化/径流量/土壤侵蚀量/土壤结构/土壤肥力Key words
rocky desertification/runoff/soil erosion/soil structure/soil fertility分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
柏勇,杜静,杨婷婷,王正选,邱金亮,李靖..不同水土保持措施对石漠化区水土流失的影响[J].中国水土保持科学,2018,16(2):103-110,8.基金项目
云南省高校重点实验室建设计划资助“云南省城乡水安全与节水减排”(20163709) （20163709）
水利部科技推广计划项目“云南典型岩溶区水土保持综合治理集成技术应用”(2014TG1411) （2014TG1411）
