作物学报2018，Vol.44Issue(6)：876-885,10.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2018.00876
绿洲灌区一膜覆两年玉米的节水潜力
Water-saving Potential for Biennial Mulched Corn with Same Plastic Film in Oasis Irrigation Area
摘要
Abstract
The agricultural water-saving measures in Northwest oasis irrigation areas are mainly mulching with traditional plastic film. This process is increasingly challenged by lack of water resources and increasing environment pollution from the white plas-tic film. Therefore, reducing the plastic film use and identifying innovative water-saving technologies need to be carried out ur-gently. The experiment was conducted to explore the effects of conventional plastic film mulching (CM), plastic film mulching with reduced tillage (RtM) and plastic film re-mulching for two years (RM) under different irrigation levels on water consumption characteristics and water use efficiency (WUE) in the Hexi corridor oasis zone in 2014-2016. Both RM and RtM relative to CM could significantly increase soil water storage before sowing, respectively increasing 41.7 mm and 31.6 mm (15.9% and 12.1%) on average in three years. From corn seeding to early jointing stages (the first 40 days of the plants' life cycle), under the same irrigation level, the water consumption of RM decreased, compared with that of RtM and CM, but the ground evaporation be-tween plants increased. Also, there was a significant increase for soil evaporation/water consumption (E/ET). On the contrary, from early stage of corn jointing to harvesting stage, RM decreased E/ET by 13.2%, compared with CM, showing that RM is beneficial to reduce the useless water consumption in the later stage of corn production. There was no significant difference on E/ET between RtM and CM. When the water level was the same, the water use efficiency was the best in RtM and no significant difference between RM and CM. Under the same film mulching mode, the WUE of the middle water level irrigated maize was the highest, and there was no significant difference in water consumption, evaporation and E/ET between RM and CM during the whole growth period, indicating that RM is just like CM having the advantage of water saving and increasing efficiency. The re-search indicate that the biennial mulching shares the same water use outcome with the traditional annual mulching in Hexi oasis irrigation area, which could be adopted in the trial areas to save water and reduce the application of plastic film.关键词
覆膜方式/灌水量/耗水量/棵间蒸发量/E/ET/水分利用效率Key words
film mulching/irrigation quota/water consumption/soil evaporation/E/ET/water use efficiency引用本文复制引用
张乃旭,赵财,赵良霞,蔡莉娟,王一帆,柴强..绿洲灌区一膜覆两年玉米的节水潜力[J].作物学报,2018,44(6):876-885,10.基金项目
本研究由国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503125-3)和国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAD22B04-03)资助. This study was supported by the China Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest (201503125-3) and the National Key Technology R&D Program of China (2015BAD22B04-03). （农业）
