植物营养与肥料学报2018，Vol.24Issue(3)：590-598,9.DOI:10.11674/zwyf.18022
基于春玉米籽粒产量的渭北旱塬区农户施肥现状评价
Evaluation on fertilization of farmer practice based on grain yield of spring maize in Weibei dryland
摘要
Abstract
[Objectives]The study investigated the maize yields and application rates of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) fertilizers in farmer's practices in Weibei dryland area, and made analysis and evaluation about the investigation results, to provide a guidance for scientific fertilizer application.[Methods]From 2013 to 2016, questionnaire was conducted on fertilization rate and spring maize yield on 680 households from 5 counties, i.e. Chengcheng, Heyang, Hancheng, Huanglong, Pucheng, in the east of Weibei dryland.[Results]1) The average maize yield in the four-years in the studied area was 6000 kg/hm2 and the portion of samples in very low (< 4200 kg/hm2), low (4200–5900 kg/hm2), moderate (5900–7600 kg/hm2), high (7600–9300 kg/hm2) and very high (> 9300 kg/hm2) yield level was accounted for 15.5％, 26.9％, 36.4, 14.4％ and 6.5％, respectively, and 42.4％ was below moderate level. 2) The four-year averaged N rate in spring maize was 249 kg/hm2, and the portion of samples in very low, low, moderate, high and very high level was 4.5％, 11.6％, 33.9％, 35.3％, and 14.7％, respectively. The percentage of farmers with low N rate declined year by year from 6.9％ in 2013 to 2.8％ in 2016. However, the percentage of farmers with high N rate increased from 33.9％ in 2013 to 37.1％ in 2016. 3) The P rates in the research areas were at a relatively moderate level. The average P fertilizer rate in the four years ranged from 108 to 126 kg/hm2 with the four-year average of 118 kg/hm2. However, farmers applying higher rate of phosphorus (> 160 kg/hm2) still existed. 4) The average K rate in four years was 35 kg/hm2 and 85.3％ of the farmers applied K rate less than moderate (52–78 kg/hm2). 5) Yield response of spring maize to N and P fertilizers at low rates was high, but yield response to nitrogen fertilizer decreased obviously with the increase of N and P rates, and the yield would decrease at the high N and P rates. 6) No significant relationship existed between K rates and yields, although high grain yield was mainly from K rates at 40–80 kg/hm2 and appropriate rate of K was beneficial to obtain higher grain yield.[Conclusions]Generally, the maize grain yields in Weibei dryland areas are still in low levels. Overuse and underuse of N fertilizers are coexisted, and farmers with overuse of N are still increasing. P fertilizer application is generally reasonable, but inappropriate use of P is still existed. Although K application in the right rate helps to obtain higher grain yield and keep sustainable use of soil K, farmers pay little attention to K application.关键词
渭北旱塬/农户/春玉米/产量/施肥量Key words
Weibei dryland/farmers/spring maize/yield/fertilizer application rate引用本文复制引用
王浩,董朝阳,王淑兰,张玉娇,师祖姣,张元红,王瑞,李军..基于春玉米籽粒产量的渭北旱塬区农户施肥现状评价[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2018,24(3):590-598,9.基金项目
国家科技支撑计划(2015BAD22B02) （2015BAD22B02）
国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303104)资助. （农业）
