植物营养与肥料学报2018，Vol.24Issue(3)：693-702,10.DOI:10.11674/zwyf.17197
氮肥用量和脲酶抑制剂对滴灌马铃薯田氧化亚氮排放和氨挥发的影响
Effects of nitrogen rate and urease inhibitor on N2O emission and NH3 volatilization in drip irrigated potato fields
摘要
Abstract
[Objectives]Nitrous oxide emission and ammonia volatilization are important ways for nitrogen loss in calcareous soil. The planting area of potato in the northern Yinshan of Inner Mongolia is increasing year by year, and the problem of excessive fertilization is still common. The effects of nitrogen management and the addition of urease inhibitor were studied in this paper, so as to find a satisfactory way of inhibiting the ammonia volatilization and nitrous oxide emission in the area.[Methods]Monitoring was carried out in the field where potato had been grown for two successive years in two villages using drip irrigation technique. In 2015, 4 different nitrogen fertilizer levels were set up respectively: No N application (CK); N 90 kg/hm2 in reduced fertilization mode (OptR); N 180 kg/hm2 in optimized fertilization mode (Opt); N 270 kg/hm2 in conventional fertilization mode (Con). The treatments were regulated in 2016 according to the results of 2015, and the four treatments were:No N application (CK); N 162.6 kg/hm2 in optimized fertilization mode and added urease inhibitors in urea (OptI);N 162.6 kg/hm2 in optimized fertilization mode (Opt); N 320 kg/hm2 in conventional fertilization mode (Con). The static camera obscura and ventilation methods were used to monitor the amounts of N2O emission and ammonia volatilization. After each fertilization, the gas samples were collected for two days, and the N2O was continuously sampled for three times, and the NH3 was not stop sampling until the gas content was lower than the detection limit of the instrument.[Results]The ammonia volatilization reached peak after 1–5 days of nitrogen application in potato fields. The maximum ammonia volatilization in 2015 and 2016 were 13.2 mg/(m2·d) and 5.3 mg/(m2·d), and the accumulative volatilization were N 3.61 and 3.96 kg/hm2 under Con mode, respectively. The maximum peaks were 8.69 and 3.19 mg/(m2·d), and the accumulative volatilization were N 3.11 and 2.72 kg/hm2 under the Opt mode, respectively. The maximum volatilization peak was N 5.63 mg/ (m2·d), and the cumulative amount was N 2.66 kg/hm2 under OptR mode. The maximum peak was N 3.67 mg/(m2·d), and the cumulative volatilization was N 2.50 kg/hm2 under OptI mode. The cumulative ammonia volatilization was increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate. The amount of ammonia volatilization in Con mode was significantly higher than in the others. The content of N2O emission reached the peak after 3 days of N application. The cumulative N2O emission under Con mode was N 1.96 and 1.18 kg/hm2 respectively in 2015 and 2016 with the maximum peak of 0.3 mg/(m2·h) and 0.2 mg/(m2·h), respectively. The loss rate of N2O in Con mode was the highest, which was significantly higher than those in the others; N2O cumulative emissions in the Opt mode were 0.95 and 0.69 N kg/hm2, respectively, with the maximum peak of 0.11mg/(m2·h). The cumulative N2O emission was 0.90 kg/hm2 with the maximum peak value of 0.09 mg/ (m2·h) in OptR mode. The maximum peak value of N2O in the OptI was 0.12 mg/(m2·h), and the cumulative N2O emission was 0.66 kg/hm2. Compared with the Opt mode, the cumulative ammonia volatilization and N2O emissions in OptI mode were respectively decreased by 11.8％ and 16.7％, although they are not significant. The ammonia volatilization rate and soil temperature showed a significant positive correlation, while soil moisture did not. Nitrous oxide emission was significantly and positively correlated to soil moisture, but the soil temperature was not.[Conclusions]The optimized nitrogen application treatment could significantly reduce the ammonia volatilization and nitrous oxide emission compared with the farmers' practice. The addition of urease inhibitor does not significantly reduce ammonia volatilization and nitrous oxide. Soil temperature increases ammonia volatilization rate and soil moisture increases nitrite oxide emission flux. Therefore, optimizing nitrogen fertilization mode should be considered firstly for the reduction of nitrogen fertilizer loss in the tested potato field.关键词
氨挥发/氧化亚氮排放/尿素/脲酶抑制剂/滴灌/马铃薯田Key words
ammonia volatilization/N2O emission/urea/urease inhibitor/drip irrigation/potato field引用本文复制引用
万伟帆,李斐,红梅,常菲,高海燕..氮肥用量和脲酶抑制剂对滴灌马铃薯田氧化亚氮排放和氨挥发的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2018,24(3):693-702,10.基金项目
农业部公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503106) （农业）
内蒙古自治区科技创新引导奖励资金项目"乌梁素海生态过渡带面源污染控制示范推广项目"资助. （）
