生态与农村环境学报2018，Vol.34Issue(5)：401-407,7.DOI:10.11934/j.issn.1673-4831.2018.05.003
我国水稻生产中农药过量施用研究:基于社会和私人利益最大化的视角
Study on Overdose of Pesticides in Rice Production in China: Based on the Perspective of Maximizing Social and Private Interests
摘要
Abstract
Applying of pesticides can help to save labor costs,inhibit crop pests and diseases and increase the economic benefits in agricultural production.However,excessive application of pesticides not only damages users' health,but also endangers food safety and pollutes the environment.From the perspective of maximizing social benefits and private benefits,the external costs of pesticide over-utilization in rice production was calculated,which includes the loss of pesti cide users,consumers of agricultural products and non-target organisms in the environment,by application of the pesticide environment accounting tools (PEA),environmental impact quotient (EIQ) and damage control models.Based on the results,it was estimated for the optimum cost of pesticide application and the cost of over-application.The results show that:(1) Now,it is quite serious for the excessive pesticide application in rice production in China.In 2016,the cost of pesticide application was 225.3 yuan · hm-2(at constant 1990 prices),which was respectively 1.45 times and 1.22 times of the optimum society and private pesticide application cost.(2) Since 1990,it was gradually increased and shown an upward trend for the external cost of pesticide application in rice production.From 1990 to 2016,it was increased from 11.2 to 76.7 yuan · hm-2 for the external cost of pesticide application in rice production,which was increased 5.8 times with 7.3％ rate of growth per year.(3) It is inconsistent in quantity and rate of growth for the optimal application of pesticide per hectare under the social and private interests.It was 155.5 and 184.0 yuan · hm-2,respectively for the optimum application cost of social and private pesticides in 2016,the latter was 18.3％ higher than the former.From 1990 to 2016,the gap was increased from 11.0 to 28.5 yuan · hm-2 between the pesticide best society application costs and the best private application costs.The growth rate of the optimum dosage for private farmer was faster than for the society.Therefore,the public sector should reasonably regulate the production of highly toxic pesticides,develop low-toxic pesticides and biological pesticides,strengthen the training of pesticide application technologies,promote the socialized prevention and control of crop pests and diseases,strengthen the integrative pest management approach,and vigorously promote the harmful biological comprehensive prevention or physical control measures,so as to solve the problem of excessive pesticide application and reconcile inconsistencies in pesticide application cost.关键词
农药过量施用/水稻生产/农药环境测算/外部成本/环境影响因子Key words
excessive pesticide application/rice production/pesticide environmental measurement/external cost/environmental impact factor分类
资源环境引用本文复制引用
郭利京,王颖..我国水稻生产中农药过量施用研究:基于社会和私人利益最大化的视角[J].生态与农村环境学报,2018,34(5):401-407,7.基金项目
国家自然科学基金(71773001) （71773001）
安徽省社科规划办项目(AHSKQ2017D02) （AHSKQ2017D02）
全国统计科学研究项目(2017LY79) （2017LY79）
安徽省高校优秀青年人才支持计划重点项目(gxyqZD2017043) （gxyqZD2017043）
