农业工程学报2018，Vol.34Issue(12)：62-71,10.DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.12.008
仿蚯蚓运动多功能开沟器设计及参数优化
Design and parameter optimization of earthworm-like multi-function opener
摘要
Abstract
Insufficient soil moisture content and accumulated temperature of the plow layer during springtime tillage in Northeast China severely restrict soybean root growth and soybean development. Aiming at these issues, bionics structure design and theoretical analysis were methodologically combined to design an earthworm-like multi-function opener, which has the function of loosening, furrowing and compaction. This machine could simulate the movement of the earthworm to loose surface soil of plow layer and compact subsoil of seed ditch, which could build favorable seedbeds with soft surface soil and the compacted subsoil, and then significantly raise the soil temperature and soil moisture content of plow layer, which could significantly promote soybean emergence and development. Parameter optimization experiments and regression analysis methods were adopted to study how key structure parameters and operating speed of earthworm-like multi-function opener affected average soil temperature (0-100 mm), average soil moisture (0-100 mm) and emergence time of soybean. Experiment data obtained were assessed by the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and quadratic regression model was set up for optimization by response surface methodology with Design-Expert. Analyses showed that operating speed, scarification mechanism bump height and number of crests of corrugated disk had a significant effect (P＜0.01) on average soil moisture content (0-100 mm), average soil temperature (0-100 mm) and average emergence time. Operating speed had a significant interaction with bump height and number of crests respectively and there was no interaction between bump height and number of crests. The average soil moisture content (0-100 mm) decreased with the increase of the advancing operating speed, and the decline trend gradually decreased. The average soil moisture content (0-100 mm) decreased with the increase of the bump height and the number of crests, and the decline trend gradually decreased. The average soil temperature (0-100 mm) increased with the acceleration of the operating speed, and the upward trend slowed down gradually. With the increase of bump height and the number of crests, the average soil temperature (0-100 mm) presented a rising tendency, and the rising trend decreased gradually. With the increase of operating speed, the average emergence time decreased first and then increased. The average emergence time of soybean increased after slight decrease with the increase of the height of bump. As the number of crests increased, the average emergence time decreased at first, and then rose. Earliest average emergence time was taken as main optimization index to obtain the optimal parameters by using MATLAB software based on the analysis of the test results and the model fitting. It was found that the optimal parameters of earthworm-like multi-function opener were as follows: operating speed of 8 km/h, bump height of 6 mm and number of crests of 15. Compared with traditional single disk and double-disk opener, earthworm-like multi-function opener could increase average soil water content (0-100 mm) by 5.92% and 4.86%, raise average soil temperature (0-100 mm) by 0.5 and 0.4 ℃, and advance soybean emergence time by 0.5 and 0.92 d, respectively. The results showed that the scarification furrowing mechanism which simulates the biological behavior of earthworms could effectively loosen the plow layer soil and increase the soil porosity in the plow layer so as to effectively improve the soil temperature. Meanwhile, pressure regulating mechanism could significantly accelerate the absorption of moisture from the soil beneath the plow layer by compacting subsoil of seed ditch, and then increase the soil moisture content of the soil in plow layer. This new machine can improve physical properties of the soil in tillage layer, and ultimately achieve the purpose of promoting soybean development. This is a powerful guarantee for production of soybean per unit area in Northeast China.关键词
仿生/农业机械/优化/松土/镇压/开沟Key words
bionic/agricultural machinery/optimization/scarification/compaction/furrow分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
贾洪雷,郑健,赵佳乐,郭明卓,庄健,王增辉..仿蚯蚓运动多功能开沟器设计及参数优化[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(12):62-71,10.基金项目
十三五国家科技支撑计划项目(2017YFD0700701) （2017YFD0700701）
国家自然科学基金项目( 51705194 ) （ 51705194 ）
吉林省教育厅十三五科学技术项目(JJKH20170811KJ) （JJKH20170811KJ）
吉林省重点科技成果转化项目(20160307011NY) （20160307011NY）
