中国生态农业学报2018，Vol.26Issue(7)：990-998,9.DOI:10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.170769
浮尘天气对墨玉河流域葡萄叶片光合及水势的影响
Effect of floating dust weather on leaf photosynthesis and water potential of grapes in Karakash River Basin
摘要
Abstract
Grape provides an important source of income for farmers in Karakash River Basin in Xinjiang. However, floating dust weather conditions are frequent in spring and summer. Thus grape production in the region is greatly influenced by both the floating dust weather and spring water scarcity. In order to determine the effects of floating dust weather conditions on grape photosynthesis and leaf water potential in the Karakash River Basin and on the adaptability of different grapevine varieties to the local climatic conditions, a study was conducted based on the analyses of the occurrence of floating dust weather during 2011-2017 in Karakax County in Karakash River Basin. Using 'Hotan Red', 'Munake', 'Thompson' and 'Centennial Seedless' as experimental materials, the effects of spring floating dust weather and natural cover of dust on photosynthesis and water potential of grape leaves were analyzed. The results showed that the floating dust days in Karakax County during the period from April to May were up to 23.7 days, accounting for 38.9% of the whole period. For floating dust days, average photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) in the area declined by 71.8% at 10:00-20:00 local time during day time. Also net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of grape leaf decreased significantly for all varieties at afternoon (12:00 local time), except for "Munake". For sunny days, the trend in water potential of grape leaf first increased before decreasing later. Leaf water potential change was non-obviously different during floating dust days and was lower than for sunny days. The change in transpiration rate (Tr) in floating dust days was similar to that in sunny days, but with a slight delay. Grape leaf was covered by dust during continuous dusty weather. The amount of dust retention per unit area of canopy of'Thompson' and 'Centennial Seedless' were respectively 8.64 g·m-2 and 10.93 g·m-2. Dust cover dropped significantly Pn in'Thompson' and 'Centennial Seedless', but increased intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci). Dust cover also increased saturation intensity, compensation point, intrinsic quantum efficiency, apparent quantum yield and dark respiration rate of leaves of 'Thompson' and 'Centennial Seedless'. Conclusion therefore, dusty weather conditions reduced photosynthetically active radiation intensity, with grape leaves covered in dust, further reducing leaves Pn. At the same time, dust cover significantly increased dark breathing rate. The study suggested that cleaning dust on the surface of grape leaves effectively improved photosynthesis. Under floating dust weather conditions, grape leaf Tr decreased and leaf water potential was maintained. Thus floating dust weather conditions in Karakash River Basin delayed spring water deficit, and alleviated the conflict between supply and use of water in the area.关键词
墨玉河流域/葡萄/浮尘/光合有效辐射/光合特性/叶片水势/滞尘量Key words
Karakash River Basin/Grape/Floating dust/Photosynthetically active radiation/Photosynthetic characteristics/Leaf water potential/Dust retention amount分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
张付春,潘明启,麦麦提阿卜拉·麦麦提图尔荪,张雯,钟海霞,李团结,高达辉,伍新宇..浮尘天气对墨玉河流域葡萄叶片光合及水势的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2018,26(7):990-998,9.基金项目
现代农业产业技术体系专项资金(CARS-29-ZP-8)、国家重点研发计划(SQ2018YFD020082)和新疆科技成果转化专项(201554131)资助 This study was supported by the Special Funds for the Industrial Technology System Construction of Modern Agriculture of China (CARS-29-ZP-8), the National Key R&D Project of China (SQ2018YFD020082) and the Project of the Commercialization of Research Findings of Xinjiang (201554131). （CARS-29-ZP-8）
