中国生态农业学报2018，Vol.26Issue(7)：1038-1047,10.DOI:10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.171002
黄土旱塬黑垆土长期肥料试验土壤磷素和磷肥效率的演变特征
Change characteristics of soil phosphorus and phosphorus fertilizer efficiency in Black Loessial soil of dryland in the Loess Plateau under long-term fertilization
摘要
Abstract
Using a long-term fertilization experiment set up in 1978 in Pingliang, Gansu Province, changes in soil phosphorus (P) and P fertilizer efficiency (PFE) were determined and used to guide rational application of P fertilizer in dry farmlands. Six fertilizer treatments — no fertilizer (CK), chemical nitrogen (N), chemical nitrogen and phosphorus (NP), straw plus chemical NP (SNP), farmyard manure (M) and farmyard manure plus chemical NP (MNP) — were used in the cropping system of 4-year continues winter wheat followed by 2-year spring corn. After 38 years, the total soil phosphorus and Olsen-P contents in CK and N treatments decreased, and phosphorus activation coefficient dropped. Total soil phosphorus contents under NP, SNP, M and MNP treatments increased respectively by 22.8%, 14.0%, 38.6% and 56.1%. Then Olsen-P contents increased respectively by 99.1%, 48.4%, 206.4% and 375.6%, while P activation coefficients were 1.7, 1.3, 2.2 and 3.1 times as that in 1978. Total soil P contents in N and SNP treatments were negatively correlated with the number of experimental years with annual decline rates of 1.9 mg·kg-1 and 2.6 mg·kg-1, respectively. Total soil P contents under NP, M and MNP treatments were positively correlated with the number of experimental years, with annual increase rates of 1.2 mg·kg-1, 1.9 mg·kg-1 and 2.8 mg·kg-1, respectively. Total soil P contents under CK remained basically unchanged with the number of experimental years. Soil available P contents under CK and N treatments decreased with increasing number of experimental years, and the annual decline rates were respectively 0.03 mg·kg-1 and 0.09 mg·kg-1. Soil available P contents under NP, SNP, M and MNP treatments were positively correlated with the number of experimental years, with annual increase rates of respectively 0.29 mg·kg-1, 0.24 mg·kg-1, 0.46 mg·kg-1 and 0.89 mg·kg-1. Crop yield was positively correlated with soil available P (wheat R2= 0.116 9, n = 132; corn R2= 0.332 4, n = 54). P using rate (PUR), P recovery rate (PRR) and P agronomic efficiency (PAE) of corn were greater than those of wheat for all 4 P treatments (NP, SNP, M and MNP), but P physiological efficiency (PPE) of wheat was greater than that of corn. The ranked order of above four indexes of P fertilizer efficiency (PFE) for different treatments was SNP ＞ NP ＞ MNP ＞ M. The four indexes of PFE of maize were positively correlated with the number of experimental years. Compared with MNP treatment, P input with M decreased 14.2%. Wheat and corn PFE decreased by 14.3%-69.5% and 0.8%-75.5%, respectively. In summary, combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers was optimal choice for improving soil fertility, increasing crop yield and enhancing resource use efficiency in Heilu soil of the Loess Plateau dryland.关键词
黑垆土/长期施肥/土壤磷素/磷肥回收率/磷肥利用率/磷肥农学效率/磷肥生理效率Key words
Black Loessial soil/Long-term fertilization/Soil phosphorus/Phosphate recovery rate/Phosphate using rate/Phosphorus agronomic efficiency/Phosphate physiological efficiency分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
王淑英,唐小明,樊廷录,丁宁平,赵刚,张建军,李尚中,王磊,党翼,程万莉..黄土旱塬黑垆土长期肥料试验土壤磷素和磷肥效率的演变特征[J].中国生态农业学报,2018,26(7):1038-1047,10.基金项目
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300110)、公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303104, 201503124)、国家玉米产业技术体系兰州综合试验站项目(CARS-02-60)和"十二五"农村领域国家科技计划课题(2013AA102902)资助 This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Project of China (2016YFD0300110), the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest of China (201303104, 201503124), the Project of Lanzhou Experimental Station on Maize of China Agriculture Research System (CARS-02-60) and the National Technology R&D Program on Rural Areas of China (2013AA102902). （2016YFD0300110）
