生态环境学报2018，Vol.27Issue(6)：1067-1075,9.DOI:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2018.06.010
河套灌区葵花农田生物地膜覆盖下土壤水-热-氮-盐分布特征
The Distribution of Soil Water, Temperature, Nitrogen and Salinity under Biofilm mulching in Hetao Sunflower Field
摘要
Abstract
The mechanism of water-saving and salinity control can be known explicitly by studying its distribution law of soil water, temperature, nitrogen and salinity and degradation characteristics under biofilm mulch in saline-alkali area, which will provide theory gist to improving crop yield and water and nitrogen use efficiency. In the study, three treatments including plastic film mulching (PM), biodegradable film mulching (BM) and no mulching (NM) were carried out to study the degradation characteristics of biodegradable film, and the effects of biodegradable film on distribution of soil water, temperature, nitrogen and salt in sunflower field which located in Hetao Irrigation District of Inner Mongolia. The results showed that the rate of degradation and breakage for BM treatment were almost an parabola up in the growth period, and were respectively 23.2% and 28.9% under its disintegrating period, which were 32.2 times and 7.6 times compared with PM treatment. The soil temperature and soil water content (SWC) in the upper soil layer (0~40 cm) were significantly improved for BM and PM treatment, and the difference for soil temperature and SWC between BM and PM treatment were gradually increased with the increase of breakage of biodegradable film. There were significantly different for soil temperature in 20 cm soil layer among PM, BM and NM treatments during sunflower late growth stage (from late July to September), and it was 22.2, 20.9 and 19.5 ℃ (P＜0.05) , respectively. There was no significant difference for SWC between PM and BM treatments (P＞0.05), and the significant difference was only found in 0~20 cm soil layer during the collapse stage of BM (September). Moreover, the soil conductivity (EC) in 40 cm soil layer was obviously reduced under the mulching condition, and no significant difference between PM and BM treatment was found. However, the EC for PM treatment was significantly lower than BM treatment in 0~40 cm soil layer during the collapse stage of BM, and the EC for PM treatment was lower at 27.3% and 11.7% (P＜0.05) than that of NM and BM treatment, respectively. The effect of mulching on nitrate nitrogen was only found in 0~40 cm soil layer, and the difference was gradually bigger after 120 d mulching. The nitrate nitrogen contend was 20.6, 14.5, 11.8 mg·kg-1(P＜0.05), respectively, for PM, BM and NM treatment during the collapse stage of BM. There was no significant difference between BM and PM treatment for sunflower dry matter and grain dry weight of sunflower, and thousand seed mass and per plant seed mass for BM treatment improved 15.7% and 20.9%, respectively, comparing with NM treatment. In summary, the difference of mulching effect was no significant between BM and PM treatment during early and middle growth period of sunflower apart from the collapse stage in arid saline area. Therefore, covering degradation film is an effective measure to alleviate farmland soil pollution.关键词
盐渍化/生物地膜/降解过程/硝态氮/水热效应Key words
arid saline/biological film/degradation process/nitrate nitrogen/soil water and temperature effect分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
张景俊,李仙岳,彭遵原,郭宇,丁宗江,冷旭..河套灌区葵花农田生物地膜覆盖下土壤水-热-氮-盐分布特征[J].生态环境学报,2018,27(6):1067-1075,9.基金项目
内蒙古自然科学基金项目(2016JQ06) （2016JQ06）
国家自然科学基金项目(51469022 （）
51669020) （）
内蒙古水利科技及内蒙古科技计划项目 （）
