果树学报2018，Vol.35Issue(8)：987-996,10.DOI:10.13925/j.cnki.gsxb.20170367
核桃不同品种间抗寒能力比较
Cold tolerance of different walnut varieties
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]Longnan region of Gansu province has three climatic types: the subtropical, the warm temperate and the central temperate climates. There is the abundant hydropower resource in Gansu. Longnan is thus the main producing area of walnut in northwest China. To clarify the chilling injury resulting in death of terminal buds and walnut yield loss due to low temperature in spring, we selected11 common walnut varieties in Longnan and classify them based on cold-hardiness at budbreak.[Methods]The sprouting of walnut shoots in the varieties, namely, 'Chandler'Qingxiang'Xiangling'Xiluo No.2'Wen185'Yuanfeng'Vina'Shanhe No.5'Xiluo No.3'Chico'and'Jing861'were observed in early spring. Then walnut shoots were collected and placed in a low temperature chamber set at 0 ℃ for low temperature treatment for 24 hours. Simultaneously, we measured contents of proline (Pro), soluble sugars (SS), soluble proteins (SP) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and the activities of peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in buds from walnut branches of different varieties. The data of the physiological indexes were processed with SPSS 22.0 using the membership function value method, principle component analysis, system cluster, correlation analysis and difference significance tests to determine the contribution value of each index to the cold resistance. Then the varieties were classified according to the corresponding score of each physiological index and com-prehensive score.[Results]Principal component analysis showed that the cold hardiness of the 11 walnut varieties in descending order was'Chandler'>'Xiluo No.2'>'Chico'>'Vina'>'Qingxiang'>'Jing861'>'Xiangling'>'Xiluo No.3'>'Shanhe No.5'>'Yuanfeng'>'Wen185'. According to the membership function value method, the order was'Chandler'>'Xiluo No.2'>'Chico'>'Vina'>'Shanhe No.5'>'Xiangling'>'Qingxiang'>'Xiluo No.3'>'Wen185'>'Jing861'. The main component analysis and the subordinate function value showed that varieties other than'Jing861'Shanhe No.5'and'Yuanfeng'were basically in the same level and the coincidence rate was as high as 72％.Among them, 'Chandler'had the strongest cold resistance.'Vina'Chico'and'Xiluo No.2'had strong cold resistance with similar mechanisms, and these varieties were clustered in one group.'Shanhe No.5'Xiangling'Yuanfeng'and'Qingxiang'formed another group. Cold resistance of these four varieties was weak.'Wen185'formed a third group. Physiological data and tree morphology showed that'Xiluo No.3'and'Jing861'had the weakest cold hardness and they were clustered into a fourth group.[Conclusion]The results suggested that cold resistance was significantly related to the contents of Pro, SS and SP. Based on the results of subordinate function analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis, cold resistance of the 11 walnut terminal buds were sorted and they could be classified into five groups.'Chandler'Xiluo No.2'Chico'and'Vina'were hardly affected by low temperature in early spring; the impact of low temperature in early spring on'Shanhe No.5'Xiangling'Yuanfeng'and'Qingxiang'was relatively large and they were susceptible to chilling injury.Based on the cold hardness, 'Chandler'Xiluo No.2'Chico'and'Vina'can be planted in a large area in Longnan.'Shanhe No.5'Xiangling'Yuanfeng'and'Qingxiang'need cold protection measures in early spring, if they are planted in low temperature area. Yield of'Xiluo No.3'Wen185'and'Jing861'are affected seriously by low temperature, and therefore they are not recommended for areas with chilling injury in early spring. Selection of walnut varieties for planting in this area is important to prevent crop loss due to chilling injury in early spring.关键词
核桃/顶芽/低温胁迫/生理指标/抗寒能力Key words
Walnut/Terminal bud/Low temperature stress/Physiological index/Cold resistance分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
马艺杰,苏世平,李毅,种培芳..核桃不同品种间抗寒能力比较[J].果树学报,2018,35(8):987-996,10.基金项目
甘肃省教育厅 (2016A-28) （2016A-28）
甘肃省教育厅 (2016A-025) （2016A-025）
国家星火计划项目 (2015GA860002) （2015GA860002）
甘肃省科技厅 (GSAU-STS-1628) （GSAU-STS-1628）
