长江科学院院报2019，Vol.36Issue(2)：33-38,6.DOI:10.11988/ckyyb.20170843
人工降雨和放水冲刷试验下红壤坡面径流与泥沙特征分析
Characteristics of Runoff and Sediment Yield on Red Soil Slope under Artificial Rainfall and Scouring
摘要
Abstract
Hilly red soil region in south China is a region with the most severe water and soil loss in China. Severe soil erosion will lead to soil degradation and will also affect the sustainable development of agricultural production. Studying the erosion law of red soil slope is of great significance for the prevention and control of water loss and soil erosion in hilly red soil region in south China. The features of runoff and sediment yield on red soil slope were stud-ied in this research through artificial rainfall and scouring test. Slope gradient was designed as 5°, 10°, 15°, and 20°, and rainfall intensity at four levels, namely, 0.8 mm/min, 1.2 mm/min, 2.1 mm/min, and 2.6 mm/min, and the corresponding scouring discharge 1.4 L/min, 3.0 L/min, 5.7 L/min, and 7.0 L/min, respectively. Re-search results are concluded as follows: 1) Under both artificial rainfall and scouring conditions, the initial runoff yield duration of red soil slope declined with the increase of slope gradient and scouring discharge, and such decline was the most remarkable on slope of 5° gradient in the presence of 0.8 mm/min rainfall intensity (1.4 L/min scou-ring flow rate). On slope of small gradient (5° and 10°), initial runoff yield in artificial rainfall test came earlier than in scouring test. 2) Under both test conditions, runoff stabilized within 15-20 min; sediment load stabilized in 10-15 min under artificial rainfall and 15-20 min under scouring. 3) The total volume of runoff and sediment yield on red soil slope increased with the rise of rainfall intensity and scouring discharge, and such increase was particu-larly apparent on slopes of small gradient in the presence of small rainfall intensity and scouring discharge. The total volume of runoff in artificial rainfall test was larger than that in scouring test; on the contrary, the total sediment yield in artificial rainfall test was smaller than that in scouring test under small rainfall intensity and scouring dis-charge, but became larger with the rise of rainfall intensity. 4) In addition, attentions should be paid to the preven-tion of soil and water loss on slopes of 5° gradient as the total runoff and sediment yield on 5° slope gradient changed more dramatically than on other gradients despite rainfall intensity and scouring discharge. The research re-sults are conducive to understanding red soil erosion and offer data support for the treatment of red soil erosion in south China.关键词
红壤/人工降雨/放水冲刷/径流量/泥沙量Key words
red soil/artificial rainfall/scouring/runoff volume/sediment load分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
钟壬琳,张平仓..人工降雨和放水冲刷试验下红壤坡面径流与泥沙特征分析[J].长江科学院院报,2019,36(2):33-38,6.基金项目
国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2007CB407203) （973计划）
