摘要
Abstract
In the early 20 th century, the folk mutual assistance of the rural society in Shandong was driven by the survival interests of individual families and clans;the relationship between blood relatives and common social resources was taken as a double link, and the rules of"ethics"such as family rules and folk customs were adopted.The group power was used to deal with the challenges brought about by changes in the social environment and within the clan to ensure the continuation of the clan blood. When people were hit by natural or man-made disasters and external forces in the traditional sense, they could ask nobody for help except the clan. In the period of historical turmoil, the"civilian mutual assistance"within villages became an important and nearly unique way to cope with the great fluctuations of society. Generally speaking, folk mutual assistance had characteristics of kinship, geography and trade. Kinship was the most obvious characteristics. Assistance based on geography was not sustainable without kinship, and assistance relevant with trade was subsidiary. A new phenomenon in this period was the participation of some organizations, such as churches. The mutual assistance in this period was increasingly characterized by"inheritance"and"deviation". With the impact of Western civilization and modernization on tradition, the conditions of mutual assistance were gradually destroyed, but the legacy of folk mutual aid still affected the rural society. While rural mutual assistance played a positive role, its closure, ritual and customary boundaries and living habits also had a negative impact on people. s state, national, and legal consciousness. In general, in a certain geographical space, rural mutual assistance carries the common cultural emotion and spiritual attribution. It is significant for the cultural development and the inheritance of excellent traditional culture in contemporary rural areas to explore the cultural factors behind the mutual assistance in rural society and draw the essence to reshape according to the actual situation.关键词
乡村互助/亲缘联结/礼俗制约/宗族延续/传承与背离/互助遗绪Key words
rural mutual assistance/kinship/ritual and custom constraint/clan continuation/inheritance and divergence/legacy of mutual help
