草业学报2019，Vol.28Issue(1)：60-69,10.DOI:10.11686/cyxb2018096
氮肥运筹对陇中旱农区玉米光合特性及产量的影响
Effects of nitrogen management on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of maize in arid areas of central Gansu, China
摘要
Abstract
Maize has become one of the major cultivated crops in arid farming areas of central Gansu, China because of the adoption of complete film surface mulching and adoption of double ridge-furrow planting.However, the high output of maize using this technology results in exhaustion of soil nutrients negatively influencing the sustainability of maize production.The objective of this study was to determine the effects of different nitrogen application rates on the photosynthetic characteristics, chlorophyll content (SPAD), leaf area index, dry matter accumulation and distribution and yield of maize.The study relied on a field experiment that was conducted in 2012 at Dingxi, Longzhong region.The treatments included four nitrogen rates (N0:0kg·ha-1, N1:100kg·ha-1, N2:200kg·ha-1, N3:300kg·ha-1) and two nitrogen application times (T1:1/3at sowing+1/3at jointing+1/3 at flowering, T2:1/3 at sowing+2/3 at jointing).The photosynthetic characteristics improved with increased nitrogen application rate, but there was no difference between T2N2 and N3;T2 enhanced the photosynthetic characteristics.N3increased SPAD by 50.9％, 17.0％, and 2.7％ respectively comparing N0, N1, and N2 at all stages.Leaf area index also improved with increased nitrogen application rate, but N2 and N3 were not different.SPAD and leaf area index under T2 were higher than T1.Dry matter during all growth stages was highest at N3 and lowest at N0 (N3＞N2＞N1＞N0) and T2 was higher than T1.Grain yield and biomass were significantly higher with increased nitrogen rates;for example, grain yield and biomass were79.2％ and 68.4％ higher for N3 than N0 respectively, and 65.9％ and 51.4％ higher for N2 than N0respectively.T2 improved grain yield and biomass by 9.9％ and 13.5％ respectively, compared with T1.However, T2N2 and N3 were not different.The application of double furrow sowing technology, mulching with nitrogen applied at200kg·ha-1 rate, 1/3 applied at sowing+2/3 at jointing is suggested as a means of more sustainable maize production systems in arid areas of central Gansu, China.关键词
施氮量/施氮时期/玉米/光合特性/产量Key words
nitrogen rates/nitrogen application time/maize/photosynthetic characteristics/yield引用本文复制引用
王进斌,谢军红,李玲玲,Eunice Essel,彭正凯,邓超超,沈吉成,颉健辉..氮肥运筹对陇中旱农区玉米光合特性及产量的影响[J].草业学报,2019,28(1):60-69,10.基金项目
国家自然基金项目(31460337,31660373和31761143004),甘肃省教育厅项目(2017C-12)和十二五国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD14B03,2015BAD22B04-3)资助 （31460337,31660373和31761143004）
