古地理学报2019，Vol.21Issue(1)：49-66,18.DOI:10.7605/gdlxb.2019.01.003
从水体到沉积物:探寻有机质的沉积过程及其意义
From water body to sediments: Exploring the depositional processes of organic matter and their implications
摘要
Abstract
Organic matter of various types and different properties is widely distributed in nature, and it plays an important role in both water body and sediments. Therefore, exploring its accumulation and depositional processes is significant for better understanding the sedimentation characteristics and evolution laws of organic matter. Organisms produce abundant organic matter during the process of growth, including the bodies, remains, excreta of organisms and molecular scale of their secretion. The properties of different types of organic matters vary greatly. Organic matter can be divided into particulate organic matter (POM) and dissolved organic matter (DOM) according to the size, and DOM can be further divided into colloidal organic matter (COM) and true DOM. From the point view of aggregation form, there are marine snow and suspension matter. Further analysis shows that morphology of organic matter includes organisms' body, biological residues, excreta and organic matter aggregates in water body, and various types of organic matter can co-exist with inorganic minerals in different forms. In addition, DOM and POM can transform mutually in appropriate conditions. These properties and characteristics bridge the accumulation and deposition of different types of organic matter. It is also found that different types of organic matter, such as organisms, biological residues and amorphous organic matter, are often associated with specific inorganic minerals, such as amorphous mostly concentrated at clay particles, whereas organisms and biological residues mostly concentrate in coarse ones. Further study reveals that the organic matter of sediments is similar to that of water body or organism. The variation of different kinds of organic matter reflects that they deposited via different processes. The mechanically deposited organic matter is mainly composed of inert phytoclasts, the chemically deposited organic matter is mainly composed of amorphous organic matter, and the biologically deposited organic matter is mainly composed of microorganisms and adherents.Both the differences in organic matter deposition and organic matter characteristics and the mineral-organic matter and storage conditions determine the evolutionary fate of organic matter, which has an important impact on organic hydrocarbon generation and carbon cycle, and thus should be highly concerned.关键词
有机质/有机质类型/水体/沉积物/沉积过程Key words
organic matter/type of organic matter/water body/sediment/depositional process分类
天文与地球科学引用本文复制引用
蔡进功,曾翔,韦海伦,宋明水,王学军,刘庆..从水体到沉积物:探寻有机质的沉积过程及其意义[J].古地理学报,2019,21(1):49-66,18.基金项目
国家自然科学基金项目(编号:41672115) （编号:41672115）
国家油气重大专项子课题(编号:2016ZX05006001-003)联合资助.Co-funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41672115) and the subproject of National Significant Petroleum Special Projects of China(No.2016ZX05006001-003) （编号:2016ZX05006001-003）
