土壤学报2019，Vol.56Issue(1)：156-164,9.DOI:10.11766/trxb201808130179
小麦产量与土壤养分对水生植物源有机氮替代率的响应
Response of Wheat Yield and Soil Nutrients to Substitution of Organic Nitrogen with Aquatic Plant Residue
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]In order to make effective use of aquatic plants wildly growing in the Taihu Lake Valley, composting is an important way. This study is to investigate effects of using aquatic plant compost as manure on wheat yield and soil nutrient status with a view to promoting effective utilization of aquatic plant residues. [Method]A field experiment was carried out for four years successively from2012 to 2016 in the Taihu Lake region, preparing compost of aquatic plant residues as manure to substitute part of the N fertilizer (mineral urea) applied to a wheat field to explore effects of the substitution on wheat yield, NPK uptake, contents of soil NPK and soil pH. The field experiment was designed to have six treatments, different in substitution rate (0, 20％, 40％, 60％, 80％ and 100％) , but the same in N supply.Grain yield of wheat, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake by the plant, contents of soil total nitrogen, soil available phosphorus, soil readily available potassium and soil pH value in the top soil layer were monitored. [Result]Results show that compared to Treatment M0 U100 (application of mineral urea alone) , Treatments M20 U80 and M40 U60 (20％ and 40％ of mineral urea substituted by the compost, respectively) was 14.0％ and 13.5％, respectively, higher in total cumulative wheat grain yield, however, the increment decreased in magnitude with the substitution rate increasing over 40％, and Treatment M60 U40 was even significantly lower than Treatment M0 U100 in N content in shoot and N uptake. The substitution significantly increased P and K concentrations in the grain. However, with rising substitution rate, crop uptake of P and K exhibited a trend of rising first and then declining. After four years the practice, the contents of soil total nitrogen, soil available phosphorus and potassium, and soil pH in the plough layer were all higher than in the control, showing a trend of the higher substitution rate, the more significant, the increase. [Conclusion]In summary, to improve the grain yield of wheat meanwhile maintain the soil fertility, Treatment 40％, that is, to apply compost of aquatic plant residue as manure to substitute 40％ of the mineral urea to be applied is the optimal option, which can increase yield and phosphorus and potassium utilization efficiency of the crop, and contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the soil, and also alleviate soil acidification. Therefore, the practice of applying mineral urea and a proper amount of compost of aquatic plant residue as substitute is an economical and environment-friendly fertilization technology in the Taihu Lake region.关键词
水生植物有机肥/小麦产量/养分吸收/土壤养分/土壤pHKey words
Organic manure of composted aquatic plant residue/Wheat yield/Nutrient uptake/Soil nutrients/Soil pH分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
陶玥玥,王海候,金梅娟,施林林,董林林,陆长婴,沈明星..小麦产量与土壤养分对水生植物源有机氮替代率的响应[J].土壤学报,2019,56(1):156-164,9.基金项目
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300207)、江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK20170325)和苏州市农业科学院科研基金项目(8111705)资助 （2016YFD0300207）
Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (No.2016YFD0300207) ,the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province in China ( No. BK20170325 ) and the Foundation of Suzhou Academy of Agricultural Science (No.8111705) （No.2016YFD0300207）
