兽类学报2018，Vol.38Issue(2)：128-138,11.DOI:10.16829/j.slxb.150117
安西极旱荒漠国家级自然保护区重引入普氏野马繁殖成效与种群生存力分析
Re-introduced Przewalski's horses's breeding success and population viability analysis in Anxi National Nature Reserve
摘要
Abstract
The Przewalski's horse (Equus przewalskii) population re-introduced in the Anxi Extra-arid Desert National Nature Reserve in northwest China, is a relatively isolated population with an extremely low growth rate. In addition, they are facing severe predation pressure as well as inbreeding recession. Hence, to develop a long-term protection strategy is of high urgency. In this study, the reproduction and population viability of reintroduced Przewalski's horse have been analyzed. The results showed that, (1) the low population growth of reintroduced Przewalski's horse was caused by both low fertility rate (44. 3％) and high foals mortality rate (43. 4％) . Low reproductive survival rate is mainly influenced by natural enemies' predation and diseases. The Przewalski's horses exhibited seasonal breeding, 80. 9％ of foals were born in May and June; (2) We used the Population Viability Analysis model VORTEX in this case and predicted that the extinction risk of this population is 60％ after 100 years. A minimum population of 200 is required to guarantee a risk less than10％; (3) The sensitivity analysis showed that wolf attacks have the greatest influence on the extinction risk and final population size, followed by intrinsic factors such as maximum breeding age and fecundity rate; (4) This Przewalski's horse population was trapped in a small population effect. The mortality caused by diseases and foal weakness was relatively high (26. 5％ and 8. 82％, respectively) . Hence, it is necessary to supplement the population with new individuals to prevent extinction. Some additional strategies, like mitigating wolves' predation pressure and strengthening foals' s security, can also effectively improve the Przewalski's horse living condition.关键词
普氏野马/重引入/繁殖/种群生存力分析Key words
Population viability analysis (PVA)/Przewalski's horse/Reintroduction/Reproduction分类
生物科学引用本文复制引用
裴鹏祖,王亮,邵亚平,石存海,杨永伟,包新康..安西极旱荒漠国家级自然保护区重引入普氏野马繁殖成效与种群生存力分析[J].兽类学报,2018,38(2):128-138,11.基金项目
环境保护部生物多样性保护专项"甘肃安西极旱荒漠国家级自然保护区生物多样性监测"项目 （）
