农业工程学报2019，Vol.35Issue(16)：1-13,13.DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.16.001
新疆棉田残膜回收方式及资源化再利用现状问题与对策
Problems and countermeasures of recycling methods and resource reuse of residual film in cotton fields of Xinjiang
摘要
Abstract
Plastic film mulching cultivation technology has functions such as improving crop growth environment and regulating crop growth cycle, and it has been widely used in agricultural production processes at home and abroad, and it has promoted agricultural productivity and agricultural industry development. But the problem of mulch film residue has brought many harms to the agricultural production environment and the ecological environment. The contradiction between the use of mulch film and the ecological environment protection of agriculture and the sustainable development of agriculture has become increasingly prominent. Xinjiang is the major cotton producing area in China, and the area covered by plastic film and the amount of its use rank first in the country, and the problem of residual film pollution in cotton fields in Xinjiang is particularly serious, which is affected by multiple factors such as growing planting area, continuous cropping, poor film strength and insufficient recycling. The problem of residual film pollution in cotton fields affects the growth and yield of cotton, and the quality of agricultural machinery operations has been reduced and the content of heterogeneous fibers in cotton textiles has exceeded the standard. In recent years, through the formulation and implementation of laws and regulations and the research and development of cotton film residual membrane mechanized recycling technology, the residual film pollution control work has achieved initial results, but residual film pollution control is a system engineering, and the problem of recycling but not using will cause secondary environmental pollution and effective use of resources. Based on the analysis and induction of the current basic use conditions and residual pollution situation of farmland mulch in Xinjiang, the paper took the current recycling method, the residual film preliminary cleaning method and resource re-utilization situation of cotton fields in Xinjiang as the main research content, and the characteristics of the residual film in cotton fields recycled by different methods were analyzed, the difficulty of initial cleaning and recycling of cotton film residues recovered by different methods was compared and analyzed. Through field investigations on the current basic conditions of the residual film preliminary cleaning method, reprocessing process flow and utilization methods in Xinjiang, the supporting equipment and working process of each production link were analyzed. The results showed that the main influencing factors that hindered the resource reusing process of residual film in cotton fields in Xinjiang were the lack of the advanced and applicable cotton fields residual film recycling machinery, higher residual film impurity in the cotton field harvested by machine, the lack of equipment and immature technology of the residual film preliminary cleaning and reprocessing method, the single cotton fields residual film recycling and reprocessing methods and products, and less residual film preliminary cleaning and reprocessing enterprises. Residual film recycling and resource re-utilization should be carried out in order to effectively solve the residual film pollution problem. Based on this, the coping strategies were proposed. It was recommended to accelerate the production and use of film by improving the weathering and high-strength film promotion and demonstration, improving the mechanized recycling technology of cotton fields residual film, developing suitable residual film preliminary cleaning and reprocessing technology, and rationally arranging the preliminary cleaning and reprocessing enterprises, recycling and reuse of all links to form a closed-loop residual film pollution control model for the entire industrial chain, comprehensive and multi-level solution to the problem of residual film pollution in cotton fields in Xinjiang, which were conducive to energy saving and emission reduction and sustainable development of agriculture and could provide some reference for farmland residual film pollution control and resource reuse in Xinjiang and even the whole country.关键词
地膜/回收/棉花/污染治理/初清理/资源化利用Key words
films/ recycling/ cotton/ pollution control/ preliminary cleaning/ resource utilization分类
资源环境引用本文复制引用
梁荣庆,陈学庚,张炳成,蒙贺伟,姜鹏,彭祥彬,坎杂,李卫敏..新疆棉田残膜回收方式及资源化再利用现状问题与对策[J].农业工程学报,2019,35(16):1-13,13.基金项目
兵团重大科技项目(2018AA001/04) （2018AA001/04）
国家自然科学基金资助项目(51605312) （51605312）
