山西农业大学学报（自然科学版）2019，Vol.39Issue(6)：19-25,7.DOI:10.13842／j.cnki.issn1671‐8151 .201902025
膜际条播和播量对旱地冬小麦土壤水分及产量的影响
Effects ofsowing between mulch films and different seeding rates on soil moisture and grain yield of winter wheat in arid land
摘要
Abstract
The present study was designed to explore the effects of seed sowing between mulch films and dif‐ferent seeding rates of winter wheat on the soil moisture level ,tiller number per plant ,tiller rate in key growing sea‐sons and its influence on grain yield ,and to clarify the optimal sowing rate of winter wheat with mentioned method in arid land.[Methods] The field trialswere carried out in Wenxi ,Shanxi province from 2014 to 2016 in the arid landwin‐ter w heat field .A randomized complete block design was conducted ,and two different seed sowing methods including between mulch films sowing (F) and drilling sowing (D) were selected as the main factors and different seeding rates , including 90 kg·hm －2 (Low‐broadcast ,LB) and 105 kg·hm －2 (High‐broadcast ,HB ) served as secondary factors to study the effects of different sowing methods and different sowing rates on the soil moisture ,tiller number ,grain yield and water‐saving capacity of crops .[Results]Compared to D treatment ,Ftreatment significantly increased soil water storage at the depth of 0～100 cm during the jointing stage ,and at the depth of 80～200 cm during the anthesis stage ;both the tiller number and tiller rates were significantly increased at the growing period and pre‐wintering stage ,re‐spectively .Wheat spike number was significantly increased by 4% ～ 27%,with yield increasedby 11% ～ 41% and w ater use efficiencyby 8% ～47% .Spike length ,grain‐bearing spike number ,and dry matter weight were significantly The present study was designed to explore the effects of seed sowing between mulch films and dif‐ferent seeding rates of winter wheat on the soil moisture level ,tiller number per plant ,tiller rate in key growing sea‐sons and its influence on grain yield ,and to clarify the optimal sowing rate of winter wheat with mentioned method in arid land.[Methods] The field trialswere carried out in Wenxi ,Shanxi province from 2014 to 2016 in the arid landwin‐ter w heat field .A randomized complete block design was conducted ,and two different seed sowing methods including between mulch films sowing (F) and drilling sowing (D) were selected as the main factors and different seeding rates , including 90 kg·hm －2 (Low‐broadcast ,LB) and 105 kg·hm －2 (High‐broadcast ,HB ) served as secondary factors to study the effects of different sowing methods and different sowing rates on the soil moisture ,tiller number ,grain yield and water‐saving capacity of crops .[Results]Compared to D treatment ,Ftreatment significantly increased soil water storage at the depth of 0～100 cm during the jointing stage ,and at the depth of 80～200 cm during the anthesis stage ;both the tiller number and tiller rates were significantly increased at the growing period and pre‐wintering stage ,re‐spectively .Wheat spike number was significantly increased by 4% ～ 27%,with yield increasedby 11% ～ 41% and w ater use efficiencyby 8% ～47% .Spike length ,grain‐bearing spike number ,and dry matter weight were significantly and positively affected ,andsterility spike number wassignificantly reduced .In Ftreatment ,soil water consumption were reduced at the jointing stage with the sowing rate at 90 kg·hm －2 ;deep layers soil water consumption was also reduced at the anthesis stage ,but no significant difference was observed in 2014 and 2015 ;the tiller number was significantly increased at both anthesis stage and maturity stage ;the tillers rate was enhanced between anthesis stage and maturity stage ;w heat spike number ,grain number ,1000－grain weight ,water use efficiency and yield were all significantly improved .In addition ,in the F treatment ,the water saved per kilo gram of grain was improved more than 10%,and the yield was increased more than 10% when plants consuming 1 mm soil moisture.In F treatment with sowing rate at 90 kg·hm －2 ,the water saved per kilo gram of grain was improved higher than 18%,and the yield w as increased more than 18% w hen plants consuming 1 mm soil moisture .[Conclusion]Betw een mulch films sowing of winter w heat in ar‐id land is beneficial for increasing the upper soil water storage before grow th stage ,improving deep layers soil water storage after grow th stage ,improving the deep soil moisture in the late grow th stage ,promoting the formation of grain‐bearing spike ,and increasing w heat spike number ,yield and water use efficiency with sowing rate at 90 kg·hm －2 .关键词
旱地冬小麦/膜际条播/播量/土壤蓄水量/籽粒产量构成/节水增产Key words
Arid land winter wheat/Film mulching sowing/Seeding amount/Soil water storage/Grain yield compo‐nents/Water‐saving and yield promotion分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
尹璐,高志强,孙敏,任爱霞,林文,薛建福,曹碧芸..膜际条播和播量对旱地冬小麦土壤水分及产量的影响[J].山西农业大学学报（自然科学版）,2019,39(6):19-25,7.基金项目
国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项经费(CARS‐03‐01‐24) （CARS‐03‐01‐24）
国家重点研发计划项目(2018YF020040105 ) （2018YF020040105 ）
国家自然基金(31771727) （31771727）
山西省科技创新团队项目(201605D131041) （201605D131041）
作物生态与旱作栽培生理山西省重点实验室(201705D111007 ) （201705D111007 ）
山西省回国留学人员科研资助项目(2017‐068) （2017‐068）
