农业工程学报2019，Vol.35Issue(17)：1-11,11.DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.17.001
履带自走式果园气爆深松施肥机研制
Development of caterpillar self-propelled orchard gas explosion subsoiling and fertilizer machine
摘要
Abstract
The commonly-used manual excavation and fertilization in orchards are inefficient and labor-intensive, while the trench-digging fertilization and drilling-fertilization machine could damage soil surface and wound root system due to soil disturbance. Alternative fertilization method is hence needed. We developed a caterpillar-type, self-propelled gas-explosion machine for fertilization and subsoiling in orchards in Xinjiang and other arid regions in north China. The machine can fast drill hard soil layer and quantitatively control fertilizer feeding and application; it can also loosen subsoil by exploding pressurized gas in deep soil with simultaneous fertilization. During gas explosion, the pressurized air moves the fertilizer into root zone through the loosen soil and fractures created by the explosion. The machine is hydraulically-driven with the caterpillar-type moving mode. It consists of a fertilizer-injection device, a quantitative fertilizer application device, an air explosion device, and a hydraulic and pneumatic transmission system. It is compact, small enough to operate in orchard with fruit rows spaced above 2.5 m. Its flexible control and high automation makes it capable of doing multiple jobs simultaneously, including fixed-point drilling, gas explosion to loosen soil, and quantitative deep-soil fertilizing the root zone. It is soil-friendly, integrating no-tillage, subsoil loosening and fertilization in one system and can loosen soil separately or combine it with quantitative fertilization. The insertion and fertilizer injection device can control drilling depth by the knock-in hoisting mechanism. Its combined hydraulic ram suppression and the hammering device can quickly drill into the hard tillage layer and hard layer. Also, the rotating-wheel quantitative fertilization device driven by the hydraulic ram was designed to have a single feeding volume of 100 mL, but this can be compensated by increasing the fertilization time. The gas explosion device offered a stable air pressure in gas-exploding deep soil. Good subsoil loosening and fertilization was achieved using a gas-explosion pressure in 0.6-0.8 MPa, which does not damage roots. To test its operating efficiency of fertilization, we conducted quadratic rotation orthogonal combination tests with the single operation time and fertilizer diffusion radius as evaluation indices, and the drilling depth, fertilizer rob inner diameter and the gas-explosion pressure as impacting factors. Regression between the evaluation indices and the impacting factors based on the Design-Expert V8.0.6.1 was used to analyze the significance of the impacting factors on the evaluation indices. It was found that the optimal combination of the impacting factors were insertion depth 600 mm, fertilizer rob inner diameter 30 mm and gas explosion pressure 0.6 MPa. Field tests showed that the single operation time and fertilizer diffusion radius under the optimal factor combination were 22.1 s and 413.6 mm, respectively. We also entrusted Xinjiang Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Machinery Product Quality Supervision and Management Station to test the stability and efficiency of the machine; and all tested indices meet the technical requirements of the prototype design. These results provide technical support and references for further development and modification of the machine for gas-explosion subsoiling and fertilization in orchards.关键词
机械化/设计/优化/施肥机/气爆深松/定量追肥Key words
mechanization/design/optimization/fertilization machinery/gas explosion subsoiling/quantitative fertilization分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
沈从举,贾首星,张立新,周艳,李帆,代亚猛,张景,马文霄..履带自走式果园气爆深松施肥机研制[J].农业工程学报,2019,35(17):1-11,11.基金项目
国家重点研发计划项目课题(2017YFD0701404) （2017YFD0701404）
新疆兵团重大科技项目课题(2013AA001-4). （2013AA001-4）
